{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU","short_pith_number":"pith:QJDTMM65","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"149097db665be2f5bbc3791d67a9efcef7dda1e6cbb5372802de48f07484648a","abstract_canon_sha256":"24c0cbfacb140dbcfe6c9826b523cba61ac34d8016a49c63f2076033dfcc3d4e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"82473633dd11086c3256e275eefce91d34aeb9ca3844897fe1c9722a01b62911","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.4286","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.4286","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.4286v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.4286","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QJDTMM65CEEG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QJDTMM65","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"149097db665be2f5bbc3791d67a9efcef7dda1e6cbb5372802de48f07484648a","abstract_canon_sha256":"24c0cbfacb140dbcfe6c9826b523cba61ac34d8016a49c63f2076033dfcc3d4e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"82473633dd11086c3256e275eefce91d34aeb9ca3844897fe1c9722a01b62911","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922784Z","signature_b64":"Om3bQX9rIFdI+RZBWYltMmukFSZ0SW77LjHW/xvLbkPNZGKcUeJN+N9p6MVzR/rxRwenkoJ8MaNI7tFLZIb6Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"82473633dd11086c3256e275eefce91d34aeb9ca3844897fe1c9722a01b62911","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922138Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922138Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1204.4286","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Sh//xObufcs0SpUsJXGbfFf205v2YJnh+a6lJdMjkbhqDL2OyJjSZhW+7OeeJ4vHnmcqLCmyAEwQG7zu9THpAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:26:22.847783Z"},"content_sha256":"d8aa4d57cc290b3fdb110cb478d1464b2f1e1deaacfd363778b443b85b544980","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d8aa4d57cc290b3fdb110cb478d1464b2f1e1deaacfd363778b443b85b544980"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fair Allocation Without Trade","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Avital Gutman, Noam Nisan","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the age-old problem of allocating items among different agents in a way that is efficient and fair. Two papers, by Dolev et al. and Ghodsi et al., have recently studied this problem in the context of computer systems. Both papers had similar models for agent preferences, but advocated different notions of fairness. We formalize both fairness notions in economic terms, extending them to apply to a larger family of utilities. Noting that in settings with such utilities efficiency is easily achieved in multiple ways, we study notions of fairness as criteria for choosing between differ"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GPQ6iTM45Pds67PU6G4u+QaXyOtipOstDEjE0yzOoIm/hTxMdqUTXtMGGtWge0jEs3x+qTeZsFViU7lOnIwcDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:26:22.848233Z"},"content_sha256":"7d9afcc236c588dd33c6c819ef7e0238c447a0609e704e22f2063f640a909950","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7d9afcc236c588dd33c6c819ef7e0238c447a0609e704e22f2063f640a909950"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T20:26:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW4J2657HJDU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24c0cbfacb140dbcfe6c9826b523cba61ac34d8016a49c63f2076033dfcc3d4e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"149097db665be2f5bbc3791d67a9efcef7dda1e6cbb5372802de48f07484648a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.4286","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.4286v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.4286","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QJDTMM65CEEG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QJDTMM65CEEGYMSW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QJDTMM65","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7d9afcc236c588dd33c6c819ef7e0238c447a0609e704e22f2063f640a909950","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the age-old problem of allocating items among different agents in a way that is efficient and fair. Two papers, by Dolev et al. and Ghodsi et al., have recently studied this problem in the context of computer systems. Both papers had similar models for agent preferences, but advocated different notions of fairness. We formalize both fairness notions in economic terms, extending them to apply to a larger family of utilities. Noting that in settings with such utilities efficiency is easily achieved in multiple ways, we study notions of fairness as criteria for choosing between differ","authors_text":"Avital Gutman, Noam Nisan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","title":"Fair Allocation Without Trade"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d8aa4d57cc290b3fdb110cb478d1464b2f1e1deaacfd363778b443b85b544980","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24c0cbfacb140dbcfe6c9826b523cba61ac34d8016a49c63f2076033dfcc3d4e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-04-19T08:42:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"149097db665be2f5bbc3791d67a9efcef7dda1e6cbb5372802de48f07484648a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.4286","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"82473633dd11086c3256e275eefce91d34aeb9ca3844897fe1c9722a01b62911","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"82473633dd11086c3256e275eefce91d34aeb9ca3844897fe1c9722a01b62911","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922138Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922138Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Om3bQX9rIFdI+RZBWYltMmukFSZ0SW77LjHW/xvLbkPNZGKcUeJN+N9p6MVzR/rxRwenkoJ8MaNI7tFLZIb6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:57:27.922784Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1204.4286","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d8aa4d57cc290b3fdb110cb478d1464b2f1e1deaacfd363778b443b85b544980","sha256:7d9afcc236c588dd33c6c819ef7e0238c447a0609e704e22f2063f640a909950"],"state_sha256":"e7dddcb0e7e37f0ba77f3a682969a7e21d4461aa22e28d6f48907a694aa673ad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tAwvgGZAw5Kf/i1tMFBJ/LEPpXmHMHB5SeYQlcZ/jH3UEnijz9HyJbCw8fWckYvA/+foCdFpdP6Yb7Hs6CCDCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:26:22.851573Z","bundle_sha256":"e88a2f6de165770cfbb2e6005cc9b4530dfcdb8870e0e360df25b637875d0263"}}