{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE","short_pith_number":"pith:QL7GGBGW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d3ce414a5c3750751df4d910035228ea30da091d0a17535799a6002e41b257e","abstract_canon_sha256":"59e57a63f122e99748507e0264f670f77110cc8b290c252aed1dc4766ba16958"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"82fe6304d6ecaf960ee6eec7b35140693f120b71688e5868478146de1d8d447f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2201.06953","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.06953","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.06953v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.06953","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW5SXZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d3ce414a5c3750751df4d910035228ea30da091d0a17535799a6002e41b257e","abstract_canon_sha256":"59e57a63f122e99748507e0264f670f77110cc8b290c252aed1dc4766ba16958"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"82fe6304d6ecaf960ee6eec7b35140693f120b71688e5868478146de1d8d447f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952861Z","signature_b64":"DTm+TEEL52Wn5zrSXzFRu9+ukgtrAl5guFPlnLosG48e/Z9xWsZHo69pnfIOiJdj0+SBDFBopjccfVnXA30IDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"82fe6304d6ecaf960ee6eec7b35140693f120b71688e5868478146de1d8d447f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952492Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952492Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2201.06953","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VCCRo3b6fRo4VwHTZPbCJenfYgSjHrp4hx26Ofa2WzhDzAkJ70i3ssCg8xrqVnaV7wY9pHNN9+eM4lhi4IZ8Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T08:45:16.053175Z"},"content_sha256":"d71832bc487edc6de10b710f9d5334811a1d4807c80df959465d8ee929f85ce5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d71832bc487edc6de10b710f9d5334811a1d4807c80df959465d8ee929f85ce5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Knowledge Tracing: A Survey","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Bernardo Pereira Nunes, Ghodai Abdelrahman, Qing Wang","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Humans ability to transfer knowledge through teaching is one of the essential aspects for human intelligence. A human teacher can track the knowledge of students to customize the teaching on students needs. With the rise of online education platforms, there is a similar need for machines to track the knowledge of students and tailor their learning experience. This is known as the Knowledge Tracing (KT) problem in the literature. Effectively solving the KT problem would unlock the potential of computer-aided education applications such as intelligent tutoring systems, curriculum learning, and l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2201.06953/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i0170jIJZDj80zaGx8eUH2K+QxRSqWB0hHi/tWcIbg6K/4v9Z8LLdz/FLTrZEgd2Pxe1pt8IWAfoc8TPzJFFBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T08:45:16.053767Z"},"content_sha256":"f05eaa9449eaeb67c3332b9f2628c71f3449ff422d36daa5ce482f32d4e2436c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f05eaa9449eaeb67c3332b9f2628c71f3449ff422d36daa5ce482f32d4e2436c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T08:45:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG53D3GUKANE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59e57a63f122e99748507e0264f670f77110cc8b290c252aed1dc4766ba16958","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d3ce414a5c3750751df4d910035228ea30da091d0a17535799a6002e41b257e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.06953","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.06953v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.06953","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW5SXZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW5SXZMDXG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QL7GGBGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f05eaa9449eaeb67c3332b9f2628c71f3449ff422d36daa5ce482f32d4e2436c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2201.06953/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Humans ability to transfer knowledge through teaching is one of the essential aspects for human intelligence. A human teacher can track the knowledge of students to customize the teaching on students needs. With the rise of online education platforms, there is a similar need for machines to track the knowledge of students and tailor their learning experience. This is known as the Knowledge Tracing (KT) problem in the literature. Effectively solving the KT problem would unlock the potential of computer-aided education applications such as intelligent tutoring systems, curriculum learning, and l","authors_text":"Bernardo Pereira Nunes, Ghodai Abdelrahman, Qing Wang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","title":"Knowledge Tracing: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d71832bc487edc6de10b710f9d5334811a1d4807c80df959465d8ee929f85ce5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59e57a63f122e99748507e0264f670f77110cc8b290c252aed1dc4766ba16958","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T13:59:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d3ce414a5c3750751df4d910035228ea30da091d0a17535799a6002e41b257e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.06953","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"82fe6304d6ecaf960ee6eec7b35140693f120b71688e5868478146de1d8d447f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"82fe6304d6ecaf960ee6eec7b35140693f120b71688e5868478146de1d8d447f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952492Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952492Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DTm+TEEL52Wn5zrSXzFRu9+ukgtrAl5guFPlnLosG48e/Z9xWsZHo69pnfIOiJdj0+SBDFBopjccfVnXA30IDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:49:32.952861Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2201.06953","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d71832bc487edc6de10b710f9d5334811a1d4807c80df959465d8ee929f85ce5","sha256:f05eaa9449eaeb67c3332b9f2628c71f3449ff422d36daa5ce482f32d4e2436c"],"state_sha256":"04eb1bc55634368a6e7618a2a3961c69c3e9f81470f750b158724a384473a780"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/QaU8eEVDtuYpNRAwOVHBgiRWpxj0/HMRHapivxPZo86DrfzbWtMrZhgfFxsKuM4HaGwxTfsWNX/8W2vlBbnAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T08:45:16.066540Z","bundle_sha256":"bedf8316a1f3308afa58e0aa5bfed3d123f2fa8ce66d089c107a5fdd2f0ee452"}}