{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W","short_pith_number":"pith:QN4SSKLK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"543fdb1d2b3c508314398366028931877ad8ac7e17ac216551f1a3b9755a9daa","abstract_canon_sha256":"0c97b421436d9bca80851151ec7de01ad7cc526a31ddf3835c484bcb411e7d3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"837929296a3ef200e1e3b3717ce29de594c10ea7feab2058f5f7fd046526fcd7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.05689","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.05689","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.05689v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.05689","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QN4SSKLKH3ZA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPD","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QN4SSKLK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"543fdb1d2b3c508314398366028931877ad8ac7e17ac216551f1a3b9755a9daa","abstract_canon_sha256":"0c97b421436d9bca80851151ec7de01ad7cc526a31ddf3835c484bcb411e7d3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"837929296a3ef200e1e3b3717ce29de594c10ea7feab2058f5f7fd046526fcd7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.160066Z","signature_b64":"PrF9a5MpB5o3KDGHWx4e5lQ7AAJsxbpIx/uZ1yt3MKQkBrU12OQcfvUIrWZJqtiEJzpeo3EUcIdJExsIBZDcCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"837929296a3ef200e1e3b3717ce29de594c10ea7feab2058f5f7fd046526fcd7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.159667Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.159667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.05689","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"htYqVFq22mwgNB8KZJTf7RUbQRcKn7+BfCuOY8v39XXwSinXGdS1ypBFIvsd+EjIObGNT6wrjee5ADolQd8jBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:16:50.461124Z"},"content_sha256":"ea9530bf309fb98106a6c8d392a73768e506772fc3731680d1f70f4782c692b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ea9530bf309fb98106a6c8d392a73768e506772fc3731680d1f70f4782c692b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large Language Model for Science: A Study on P vs. NP","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Furu Wei, Guangyan Zhou, Ke Xu, Li Dong, Qingxiu Dong, Yaru Hao, Zhifang Sui","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we use large language models (LLMs) to augment and accelerate research on the P versus NP problem, one of the most important open problems in theoretical computer science and mathematics. Specifically, we propose Socratic reasoning, a general framework that promotes in-depth thinking with LLMs for complex problem-solving. Socratic reasoning encourages LLMs to recursively discover, solve, and integrate problems while facilitating self-evaluation and refinement. Our pilot study on the P vs. NP problem shows that GPT-4 successfully produces a proof schema and engages in rigorous rea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.05689/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eWGNuTjOZ5d3fSo9l08RE7vpcym/qCSxTv12gj5bUbF2Z0QeT0QO9rCSst5pXTHKevDI+B4IMG5JFYCtezPXCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:16:50.461656Z"},"content_sha256":"53953f04340fedfd5abcf3cbb4d1523105dc623d9353ac359902647c48c01242","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53953f04340fedfd5abcf3cbb4d1523105dc623d9353ac359902647c48c01242"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T10:16:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPDWNYXZYU54W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0c97b421436d9bca80851151ec7de01ad7cc526a31ddf3835c484bcb411e7d3b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"543fdb1d2b3c508314398366028931877ad8ac7e17ac216551f1a3b9755a9daa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.05689","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.05689v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.05689","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QN4SSKLKH3ZA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QN4SSKLKH3ZABYPD","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QN4SSKLK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53953f04340fedfd5abcf3cbb4d1523105dc623d9353ac359902647c48c01242","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.05689/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we use large language models (LLMs) to augment and accelerate research on the P versus NP problem, one of the most important open problems in theoretical computer science and mathematics. Specifically, we propose Socratic reasoning, a general framework that promotes in-depth thinking with LLMs for complex problem-solving. Socratic reasoning encourages LLMs to recursively discover, solve, and integrate problems while facilitating self-evaluation and refinement. Our pilot study on the P vs. NP problem shows that GPT-4 successfully produces a proof schema and engages in rigorous rea","authors_text":"Furu Wei, Guangyan Zhou, Ke Xu, Li Dong, Qingxiu Dong, Yaru Hao, Zhifang Sui","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","title":"Large Language Model for Science: A Study on P vs. NP"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ea9530bf309fb98106a6c8d392a73768e506772fc3731680d1f70f4782c692b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0c97b421436d9bca80851151ec7de01ad7cc526a31ddf3835c484bcb411e7d3b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-11T17:49:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"543fdb1d2b3c508314398366028931877ad8ac7e17ac216551f1a3b9755a9daa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"837929296a3ef200e1e3b3717ce29de594c10ea7feab2058f5f7fd046526fcd7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"837929296a3ef200e1e3b3717ce29de594c10ea7feab2058f5f7fd046526fcd7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.159667Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.159667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PrF9a5MpB5o3KDGHWx4e5lQ7AAJsxbpIx/uZ1yt3MKQkBrU12OQcfvUIrWZJqtiEJzpeo3EUcIdJExsIBZDcCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:49:45.160066Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.05689","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ea9530bf309fb98106a6c8d392a73768e506772fc3731680d1f70f4782c692b2","sha256:53953f04340fedfd5abcf3cbb4d1523105dc623d9353ac359902647c48c01242"],"state_sha256":"5aac18205b3146bff43e98bda9b69f18020201cc8452a51f6fc19c8cb4530d24"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ncKuUVSJUCHb4QRJMT21osTSh3IMvWQJkSDQ5ExNIn2EXuYjz62lCN0q5LOloV38BkUeBQq4TqA9NWZ+PkZzBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:16:50.468246Z","bundle_sha256":"761223126a5a9f5194653e324aa95bfffdd97ab3b489a874fd04942408031815"}}