{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW","short_pith_number":"pith:QNIDVU2M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f89f6d4db00a1f00fab264594562aa267bd3d8de1ad6e78a2f07c578a952c27","abstract_canon_sha256":"de0ea7b5b6d75f970f92be86d03e04a3623e39dec07b63fca52a33072a16b69e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83503ad34ce3c24bb0780a38598e1105a37e6c20e2ec3748b56d86b5f28f9f49","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.12168","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12168","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12168v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12168","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M4PBE","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f89f6d4db00a1f00fab264594562aa267bd3d8de1ad6e78a2f07c578a952c27","abstract_canon_sha256":"de0ea7b5b6d75f970f92be86d03e04a3623e39dec07b63fca52a33072a16b69e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83503ad34ce3c24bb0780a38598e1105a37e6c20e2ec3748b56d86b5f28f9f49","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045703Z","signature_b64":"6zbrdFHHldV5gWEnmDbGrRWT2DgWo0PI+snYKF/ltxLWsG9Xf8eDUofA5jtCy2+AcaXsfwQ1hrmw8J2D4EvMAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"83503ad34ce3c24bb0780a38598e1105a37e6c20e2ec3748b56d86b5f28f9f49","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045207Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045207Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.12168","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZbVNtTxuPKDpco4j97U4Jg3bT2FdtyWPjSD38EEau1+wpmeUN+YEMsaH/MQlvn44O2C8CmtwIcnOxSVZ3h+cDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:51:09.855581Z"},"content_sha256":"dc54d4bb76a910a14a8dfbc4420dd3611b27d79e4c06d9bb3d3cce5ac9fa9678","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc54d4bb76a910a14a8dfbc4420dd3611b27d79e4c06d9bb3d3cce5ac9fa9678"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defending Against Weight-Poisoning Backdoor Attacks for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Jie Fu, Jinming Wen, Leilei Gan, Lingjuan Lyu, Luu Anh Tuan, Meihuizi Jia, Shuai Zhao","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) strategies for application to language models have been proposed and successfully implemented. However, this raises the question of whether PEFT, which only updates a limited set of model parameters, constitutes security vulnerabilities when confronted with weight-poisoning backdoor attacks. In this study, we show that PEFT is more susceptible to weight-poisoning backdoor attacks compared to the full-parameter fine-tuning method, with pre-defined triggers remaining exploitable and pre-defined targets maintaining high confidence, even aft"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12168/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BZSjospcfnlf8t+/+sSa8Byl4cVeV7UC4WSixKgdV0c5Yp2eb5Ezg6+Q3p/cAgfg9f0AKlYWTMwXdS0egi52Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:51:09.856132Z"},"content_sha256":"1269753cf25564f6e4e8327a220e1dea82f2734bc60b04c2305cf90244a1bbc5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1269753cf25564f6e4e8327a220e1dea82f2734bc60b04c2305cf90244a1bbc5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T20:51:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDYBI4FTDQRAW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de0ea7b5b6d75f970f92be86d03e04a3623e39dec07b63fca52a33072a16b69e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f89f6d4db00a1f00fab264594562aa267bd3d8de1ad6e78a2f07c578a952c27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12168","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12168v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12168","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M4PBE","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M4PBEXMDY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QNIDVU2M","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1269753cf25564f6e4e8327a220e1dea82f2734bc60b04c2305cf90244a1bbc5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12168/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently, various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) strategies for application to language models have been proposed and successfully implemented. However, this raises the question of whether PEFT, which only updates a limited set of model parameters, constitutes security vulnerabilities when confronted with weight-poisoning backdoor attacks. In this study, we show that PEFT is more susceptible to weight-poisoning backdoor attacks compared to the full-parameter fine-tuning method, with pre-defined triggers remaining exploitable and pre-defined targets maintaining high confidence, even aft","authors_text":"Jie Fu, Jinming Wen, Leilei Gan, Lingjuan Lyu, Luu Anh Tuan, Meihuizi Jia, Shuai Zhao","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","title":"Defending Against Weight-Poisoning Backdoor Attacks for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dc54d4bb76a910a14a8dfbc4420dd3611b27d79e4c06d9bb3d3cce5ac9fa9678","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de0ea7b5b6d75f970f92be86d03e04a3623e39dec07b63fca52a33072a16b69e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T14:22:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f89f6d4db00a1f00fab264594562aa267bd3d8de1ad6e78a2f07c578a952c27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12168","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"83503ad34ce3c24bb0780a38598e1105a37e6c20e2ec3748b56d86b5f28f9f49","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"83503ad34ce3c24bb0780a38598e1105a37e6c20e2ec3748b56d86b5f28f9f49","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045207Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045207Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6zbrdFHHldV5gWEnmDbGrRWT2DgWo0PI+snYKF/ltxLWsG9Xf8eDUofA5jtCy2+AcaXsfwQ1hrmw8J2D4EvMAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:02:05.045703Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.12168","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dc54d4bb76a910a14a8dfbc4420dd3611b27d79e4c06d9bb3d3cce5ac9fa9678","sha256:1269753cf25564f6e4e8327a220e1dea82f2734bc60b04c2305cf90244a1bbc5"],"state_sha256":"11866346354c6886b4c401eb1ac6c4d4586c3799d8641383cf845fe0c8cbb6fa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QoRlNi79I2W4kJwyO0xvkD2AYqgdmEEZw5oGj3702rtYTuqZQjo6v1oFbk1YzmRETvpDJDo0mvZgX0o5nWbXCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:51:09.859842Z","bundle_sha256":"d1c6d66ea3e8df54a0a5535b18bf0a23bff8dbfa9652d46346cbe5c81f755807"}}