{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF","short_pith_number":"pith:QP3JEKMD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c1aa9a707f906c08bab31cb611333b21c4bf2c1bf61ce51267fb82cda5271f39","abstract_canon_sha256":"647d41d59e68eec9383c6a8a2870d1f962fa78745320c51d3c97735424d78034"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83f6922983157994513a8211df28c1c96dcf9322246b8ed4a81a97b8d1039ab3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.06273","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06273v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QP3JEKMDCV4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QP3JEKMD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c1aa9a707f906c08bab31cb611333b21c4bf2c1bf61ce51267fb82cda5271f39","abstract_canon_sha256":"647d41d59e68eec9383c6a8a2870d1f962fa78745320c51d3c97735424d78034"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83f6922983157994513a8211df28c1c96dcf9322246b8ed4a81a97b8d1039ab3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952623Z","signature_b64":"KhSwrWvkBC/zyj2l6jJbMqCtnD/REsw06cShlmCSjYFYeiC4SzjRHBWXjSMbBaZEXRYGU7rWfKmalDCusH2SBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"83f6922983157994513a8211df28c1c96dcf9322246b8ed4a81a97b8d1039ab3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952075Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952075Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.06273","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NRB1NoVBG6fx2iFPRSRChFxZGkT+XbojKsmJbED7HcarwZxJvxiPNz0tZAFSP3RBLaE/prsTc5bapHxbgiJYBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:09:06.154392Z"},"content_sha256":"721694145dd0eb7cbed2ed180e6e43cd465144631296eee23512963f14d77a27","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:721694145dd0eb7cbed2ed180e6e43cd465144631296eee23512963f14d77a27"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Skyrmion ratchet effect driven by a biharmonic force","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Linjie Liu, Weijin Chen, Ye Ji, Yue Zheng","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Based on micromagnetic simulation and analysis of Thiele's equation, in this work we demonstrate that ratchet motion of skyrmion can be induced by a biharmonic in-plane magnetic field hx(t) = h1sin(mwt) + h2sin(nwt + phi), provided that integers m and n are coprime and that m + n is odd. Remarkably, the speed and direction of the ratchet motion can be readily adjusted by the field amplitude, frequency and phase, with the maximum speed being over 5 m/s and the direction rotatable over 360 degree. The origin of the skyrmion ratchet motion is analyzed by tracing the excitation spectra of the diss"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SzK4tjyLzgmWu6wCWpvlMxr+W2U185bssCnAd0ke+mS2SdMQBnAAetbbxXrHGB8fzc69KSax3ZWKv/6qATTlAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:09:06.154734Z"},"content_sha256":"b0420a7988f71cec064332e7fc85f1f3a801c27ea1a23d924e368c33482feb92","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b0420a7988f71cec064332e7fc85f1f3a801c27ea1a23d924e368c33482feb92"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T15:09:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2QII56KGBZF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"647d41d59e68eec9383c6a8a2870d1f962fa78745320c51d3c97735424d78034","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c1aa9a707f906c08bab31cb611333b21c4bf2c1bf61ce51267fb82cda5271f39"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06273v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06273","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QP3JEKMDCV4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QP3JEKMDCV4ZIUJ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QP3JEKMD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b0420a7988f71cec064332e7fc85f1f3a801c27ea1a23d924e368c33482feb92","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Based on micromagnetic simulation and analysis of Thiele's equation, in this work we demonstrate that ratchet motion of skyrmion can be induced by a biharmonic in-plane magnetic field hx(t) = h1sin(mwt) + h2sin(nwt + phi), provided that integers m and n are coprime and that m + n is odd. Remarkably, the speed and direction of the ratchet motion can be readily adjusted by the field amplitude, frequency and phase, with the maximum speed being over 5 m/s and the direction rotatable over 360 degree. The origin of the skyrmion ratchet motion is analyzed by tracing the excitation spectra of the diss","authors_text":"Linjie Liu, Weijin Chen, Ye Ji, Yue Zheng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","title":"Skyrmion ratchet effect driven by a biharmonic force"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:721694145dd0eb7cbed2ed180e6e43cd465144631296eee23512963f14d77a27","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"647d41d59e68eec9383c6a8a2870d1f962fa78745320c51d3c97735424d78034","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T15:22:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"c1aa9a707f906c08bab31cb611333b21c4bf2c1bf61ce51267fb82cda5271f39"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06273","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"83f6922983157994513a8211df28c1c96dcf9322246b8ed4a81a97b8d1039ab3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"83f6922983157994513a8211df28c1c96dcf9322246b8ed4a81a97b8d1039ab3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952075Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952075Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KhSwrWvkBC/zyj2l6jJbMqCtnD/REsw06cShlmCSjYFYeiC4SzjRHBWXjSMbBaZEXRYGU7rWfKmalDCusH2SBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:40.952623Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.06273","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:721694145dd0eb7cbed2ed180e6e43cd465144631296eee23512963f14d77a27","sha256:b0420a7988f71cec064332e7fc85f1f3a801c27ea1a23d924e368c33482feb92"],"state_sha256":"35ab87005063133cce8f0cd0ab25548a9e35b3812d4991ca31777e87691a2bbd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qM5y2n0F4y8be8GE/qjXYzoIUrhumzhJVN+A+gioCXSqIzUjIv9iTwNq38I1TVizQtz0L8XMzEwxjiiod4m2DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:09:06.157848Z","bundle_sha256":"24aedd1d405cce4414df79a1d6230a1089dc4b7ff2170c12c1e650b1d18c1fa2"}}