{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB","short_pith_number":"pith:QPN5UMMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"92b37d45f9acaacc6c4c30d3db36080034045ce538cb6188d3f783dbe77f21b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc6f112166438e3d5c9b8ddbe79b3788b95793f3e8b5f25f30e3fe76ab2bee2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83dbda3195c89ec5b39d27a7479946086a665793ce2016984f5d4a6786a7bc03","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.13312","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.13312","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.13312v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.13312","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QPN5UMMVZCPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QPN5UMMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"92b37d45f9acaacc6c4c30d3db36080034045ce538cb6188d3f783dbe77f21b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc6f112166438e3d5c9b8ddbe79b3788b95793f3e8b5f25f30e3fe76ab2bee2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83dbda3195c89ec5b39d27a7479946086a665793ce2016984f5d4a6786a7bc03","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082701Z","signature_b64":"rxefByORQRpp+iDrQC3MJuSI7r72vg1PYC/4OWZnW5T+It9ZGMODLKYiZloK2Kf7A6ZCEQE1UQ1k214Rvt/9AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"83dbda3195c89ec5b39d27a7479946086a665793ce2016984f5d4a6786a7bc03","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082272Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082272Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.13312","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XmJEEp6pVdimyaWunG3Qb14iRgKS9YdOwA6yCThTp8IDm5fGAHgAyMXwFondkVGlLwTGVYHxGzUPJdXreSiKAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T19:05:12.877974Z"},"content_sha256":"14b85dc6bcc1d55b4adea6a97dc5aa1bd7d7ff6390befc07c3298d97d2a14565","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:14b85dc6bcc1d55b4adea6a97dc5aa1bd7d7ff6390befc07c3298d97d2a14565"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Technical Note: Defining and Quantifying AND-OR Interactions for Faithful and Concise Explanation of DNNs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Mingjie Li, Quanshi Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this technical note, we aim to explain a deep neural network (DNN) by quantifying the encoded interactions between input variables, which reflects the DNN's inference logic. Specifically, we first rethink the definition of interactions, and then formally define faithfulness and conciseness for interaction-based explanation. To this end, we propose two kinds of interactions, i.e., the AND interaction and the OR interaction. For faithfulness, we prove the uniqueness of the AND (OR) interaction in quantifying the effect of the AND (OR) relationship between input variables. Besides, based on AN"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.13312/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"13OsHsGONSXdp6GgzTGRgHLc+W7NGheKV3CaBhYtTqhw7J55T7Xs9qc5g6h6px3rtGI8lJ70NVdTGotaWMuPAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T19:05:12.878754Z"},"content_sha256":"12ae5e3f885341cf8e7b9c59030ce6c72cf0b363542cfe32ccf4f2063256e4dd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:12ae5e3f885341cf8e7b9c59030ce6c72cf0b363542cfe32ccf4f2063256e4dd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T19:05:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45E6TUPGKGBB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc6f112166438e3d5c9b8ddbe79b3788b95793f3e8b5f25f30e3fe76ab2bee2f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"92b37d45f9acaacc6c4c30d3db36080034045ce538cb6188d3f783dbe77f21b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.13312","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.13312v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.13312","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QPN5UMMVZCPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QPN5UMMVZCPMLM45","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QPN5UMMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:12ae5e3f885341cf8e7b9c59030ce6c72cf0b363542cfe32ccf4f2063256e4dd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.13312/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this technical note, we aim to explain a deep neural network (DNN) by quantifying the encoded interactions between input variables, which reflects the DNN's inference logic. Specifically, we first rethink the definition of interactions, and then formally define faithfulness and conciseness for interaction-based explanation. To this end, we propose two kinds of interactions, i.e., the AND interaction and the OR interaction. For faithfulness, we prove the uniqueness of the AND (OR) interaction in quantifying the effect of the AND (OR) relationship between input variables. Besides, based on AN","authors_text":"Mingjie Li, Quanshi Zhang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","title":"Technical Note: Defining and Quantifying AND-OR Interactions for Faithful and Concise Explanation of DNNs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:14b85dc6bcc1d55b4adea6a97dc5aa1bd7d7ff6390befc07c3298d97d2a14565","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc6f112166438e3d5c9b8ddbe79b3788b95793f3e8b5f25f30e3fe76ab2bee2f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-04-26T06:33:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"92b37d45f9acaacc6c4c30d3db36080034045ce538cb6188d3f783dbe77f21b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.13312","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"83dbda3195c89ec5b39d27a7479946086a665793ce2016984f5d4a6786a7bc03","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"83dbda3195c89ec5b39d27a7479946086a665793ce2016984f5d4a6786a7bc03","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082272Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082272Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rxefByORQRpp+iDrQC3MJuSI7r72vg1PYC/4OWZnW5T+It9ZGMODLKYiZloK2Kf7A6ZCEQE1UQ1k214Rvt/9AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:50:51.082701Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.13312","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:14b85dc6bcc1d55b4adea6a97dc5aa1bd7d7ff6390befc07c3298d97d2a14565","sha256:12ae5e3f885341cf8e7b9c59030ce6c72cf0b363542cfe32ccf4f2063256e4dd"],"state_sha256":"f0904acad2bb9776c990d13897f09d4a25e20ee192cb260be87935013a584b45"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FWu1DfKLAFLhy9QEYnM59ob9RG3zM73dGR1FAmgGKuLdR9W/veK4wjTA143ocsnB0v/zJHwTfgfSJsumL4QnDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T19:05:12.884902Z","bundle_sha256":"397c88f023d667759ad7e68d75a8792010779c758535c5df9e4d710193b5ccd8"}}