{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4","short_pith_number":"pith:QPWITXY6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"288f17fa0d93e9cf9480efefa352719efa6e0567c5f99d67a39c4e551561c937","abstract_canon_sha256":"2bc36b8cf46226e820fd87c7938a3e08c009cac26eac8d963289b211edb1ddb1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83ec89df1eca7ab6c69258945bc9b1970932d3e363cf3d10206afff93d7cfa29","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1508.06705","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.06705","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.06705v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.06705","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QPWITXY6ZJ5L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QPWITXY6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"288f17fa0d93e9cf9480efefa352719efa6e0567c5f99d67a39c4e551561c937","abstract_canon_sha256":"2bc36b8cf46226e820fd87c7938a3e08c009cac26eac8d963289b211edb1ddb1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"83ec89df1eca7ab6c69258945bc9b1970932d3e363cf3d10206afff93d7cfa29","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333586Z","signature_b64":"nP/5MoG0tOKlWkXdrbvBiNtgkMmvH6iYefCHS9gW9A/8uimKRAW3q/pXi0WNYbU3ZF55qKL9bhtXFx/fZDxYDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"83ec89df1eca7ab6c69258945bc9b1970932d3e363cf3d10206afff93d7cfa29","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333046Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1508.06705","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d1RzSPmED2/5rvDjxmEEgPRbweF2u1fUwX9+NAa5rpWVaZvSUK9eC/4pogq8KPgY63id2qqVYDgFVWJBHwcbAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T01:41:18.210861Z"},"content_sha256":"9af03ec2b7f1b08eb735d740a0cf22f29448a0a7075d3f670d07768864590433","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9af03ec2b7f1b08eb735d740a0cf22f29448a0a7075d3f670d07768864590433"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Using Genetic Algorithms to Benchmark the Cloud","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Jeff Kinnison, Sekou L. Remy","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a novel application of Genetic Algorithms(GAs) to quantify the performance of Platform as a Service (PaaS), a cloud service model that plays a critical role in both industry and academia. While Cloud benchmarks are not new, in this novel concept, the authors use a GA to take advantage of the elasticity in Cloud services in a graceful manner that was not previously possible. Using Google App Engine, Heroku, and Python Anywhere with three distinct classes of client computers running our GA codebase, we quantified the completion time for application of the GA to search for the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"77GwW4W0EVima6s+LnPsPF9oM3XMxbLQT8k3Cm7fQaVPsVDD9HGVZZOaVXe3dPYSO/hHm5GUmS58G1/AuSWKAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T01:41:18.211563Z"},"content_sha256":"3a527467299751462bb8a13c8d8e6c967a3e354037dff53eb3a2f47468591fc7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a527467299751462bb8a13c8d8e6c967a3e354037dff53eb3a2f47468591fc7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T01:41:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUSLCKFXSNRS4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2bc36b8cf46226e820fd87c7938a3e08c009cac26eac8d963289b211edb1ddb1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"288f17fa0d93e9cf9480efefa352719efa6e0567c5f99d67a39c4e551561c937"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.06705","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.06705v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.06705","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QPWITXY6ZJ5L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QPWITXY6ZJ5LNRUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QPWITXY6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3a527467299751462bb8a13c8d8e6c967a3e354037dff53eb3a2f47468591fc7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a novel application of Genetic Algorithms(GAs) to quantify the performance of Platform as a Service (PaaS), a cloud service model that plays a critical role in both industry and academia. While Cloud benchmarks are not new, in this novel concept, the authors use a GA to take advantage of the elasticity in Cloud services in a graceful manner that was not previously possible. Using Google App Engine, Heroku, and Python Anywhere with three distinct classes of client computers running our GA codebase, we quantified the completion time for application of the GA to search for the","authors_text":"Jeff Kinnison, Sekou L. Remy","cross_cats":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","title":"Using Genetic Algorithms to Benchmark the Cloud"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9af03ec2b7f1b08eb735d740a0cf22f29448a0a7075d3f670d07768864590433","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2bc36b8cf46226e820fd87c7938a3e08c009cac26eac8d963289b211edb1ddb1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2015-08-27T03:09:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"288f17fa0d93e9cf9480efefa352719efa6e0567c5f99d67a39c4e551561c937"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.06705","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"83ec89df1eca7ab6c69258945bc9b1970932d3e363cf3d10206afff93d7cfa29","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"83ec89df1eca7ab6c69258945bc9b1970932d3e363cf3d10206afff93d7cfa29","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333046Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nP/5MoG0tOKlWkXdrbvBiNtgkMmvH6iYefCHS9gW9A/8uimKRAW3q/pXi0WNYbU3ZF55qKL9bhtXFx/fZDxYDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:41.333586Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1508.06705","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9af03ec2b7f1b08eb735d740a0cf22f29448a0a7075d3f670d07768864590433","sha256:3a527467299751462bb8a13c8d8e6c967a3e354037dff53eb3a2f47468591fc7"],"state_sha256":"4100f1610dccb4b29923d770a79a444f17e8ae406af6b23e7b3b09483b205c81"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"akDlyhemCvxQuboYaZ8tEoFLnHVH3qNBVlJ36fKbveVdMmyG52DsVEurw9SFuhK7hj922ej/HdxNbCEyLPQoAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T01:41:18.215400Z","bundle_sha256":"83a6a911b13c63d3b9c264eecae474d5ae6abab0ba2563d01142f0f36da501f4"}}