{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2009:QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK","short_pith_number":"pith:QQ7QVASR","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"843f0a825198d94fa695becd1d3c55428ce5584c0023c4860721eee8d1aab1a7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0912.4446","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Electron cooling by diffusive normal metal - superconductor tunnel junctions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","authors_text":"A.S. Vasenko, E.V. Bezuglyi, F.W.J. Hekking, H. Courtois","submitted_at":"2009-12-22T16:45:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate heat and charge transport in NN'IS tunnel junctions in the diffusive limit. Here N and S are massive normal and superconducting electrodes (reservoirs), N' is a normal metal strip, and I is an insulator. The flow of electric current in such structures at subgap bias is accompanied by heat transfer from the normal metal into the superconductor, which enables refrigeration of electrons in the normal metal. We show that the two-particle current due to Andreev reflection generates Joule heating, which is deposited in the N electrode and dominates over the single-particle cooling at "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0912.4446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2009-12-22T16:45:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b7f6bfdf1d094fe10102c0616b35b032905508d81c8499dc7ffee64055510569","abstract_canon_sha256":"3e3fb9c050393cd621e64a38d6549c822c869f7737f700f220610726186d940b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.574371Z","signature_b64":"D5mYtoT8ICoJh+mSpzV/DMGNE5gzIfMfyAOBbisaRTPIYDIPCEagZ0J/Ex32VUHXivkOEtu71hXoYLxF/BFNCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"843f0a825198d94fa695becd1d3c55428ce5584c0023c4860721eee8d1aab1a7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573752Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573752Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron cooling by diffusive normal metal - superconductor tunnel junctions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","authors_text":"A.S. Vasenko, E.V. Bezuglyi, F.W.J. Hekking, H. Courtois","submitted_at":"2009-12-22T16:45:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate heat and charge transport in NN'IS tunnel junctions in the diffusive limit. Here N and S are massive normal and superconducting electrodes (reservoirs), N' is a normal metal strip, and I is an insulator. The flow of electric current in such structures at subgap bias is accompanied by heat transfer from the normal metal into the superconductor, which enables refrigeration of electrons in the normal metal. We show that the two-particle current due to Andreev reflection generates Joule heating, which is deposited in the N electrode and dominates over the single-particle cooling at "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0912.4446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0912.4446","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573834+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0912.4446v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573834+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0912.4446","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573834+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QQ7QVASRTDMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QQ7QVASR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QQ7QVASR"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QQ7QVASR","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=0912.4446&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/QQ7QVASRTDMU7JUVX3GR2PCVIK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573834+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:10:14.573834+00:00"}