{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6","short_pith_number":"pith:QQRPZ54A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"ec13c34fc8be86e285c60044b2411eb34fef2da6284b0ee90048dfaeead99d7b","abstract_canon_sha256":"d77f5d207af143a574b2bbc3e82a8728f6f19eb5b2268af96a3632b26d6962c5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8422fcf7808554acec6f79e5b786953f83a91e6fd9340599242fb2ef51fa6837","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.01177","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.01177v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QQRPZ54AQVKK","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QQRPZ54A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"ec13c34fc8be86e285c60044b2411eb34fef2da6284b0ee90048dfaeead99d7b","abstract_canon_sha256":"d77f5d207af143a574b2bbc3e82a8728f6f19eb5b2268af96a3632b26d6962c5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8422fcf7808554acec6f79e5b786953f83a91e6fd9340599242fb2ef51fa6837","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.052368Z","signature_b64":"5SnWzkf3cNOF3ldzSU5a95m76c48HXdoFY1ecwPm03VCr0mthBlXy2mZcUZ/O0WRPbYDGEoT/HI9e6/Rzx1rAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8422fcf7808554acec6f79e5b786953f83a91e6fd9340599242fb2ef51fa6837","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.051901Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.051901Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.01177","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X9znn5D1LKfAsmHqZTJjc3jv4vmVog/g0Vo6Tt4yV3BnVFG/76u9/vk3e1rJDnTLtAY8+y2mjKvKCwRfP5sYCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T09:05:07.437537Z"},"content_sha256":"52b7a685af08c47bbc90e1ff675adc8ec89062554de3f7c371f2fe09aed17de9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:52b7a685af08c47bbc90e1ff675adc8ec89062554de3f7c371f2fe09aed17de9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning to Time-Decode in Spiking Neural Networks Through the Information Bottleneck","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.NE","authors_text":"Hyeryung Jang, Nicolas Skatchkovsky, Osvaldo Simeone","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"One of the key challenges in training Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is that target outputs typically come in the form of natural signals, such as labels for classification or images for generative models, and need to be encoded into spikes. This is done by handcrafting target spiking signals, which in turn implicitly fixes the mechanisms used to decode spikes into natural signals, e.g., rate decoding. The arbitrary choice of target signals and decoding rule generally impairs the capacity of the SNN to encode and process information in the timing of spikes. To address this problem, this work i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.01177/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5F5oQmVuahIlynjHfM+0ABxS1LJOAQc1Wxke6MpTC5doWnicMQc2DyOrk/icBY73s1oH6hZG3CekFFSFFDE5DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T09:05:07.438063Z"},"content_sha256":"e71d6e18653f8dc3677071ff711d1b4efeba8cbc7a1264228f1b8ae7163a32e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e71d6e18653f8dc3677071ff711d1b4efeba8cbc7a1264228f1b8ae7163a32e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T09:05:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DPPHS3PBUVH6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d77f5d207af143a574b2bbc3e82a8728f6f19eb5b2268af96a3632b26d6962c5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec13c34fc8be86e285c60044b2411eb34fef2da6284b0ee90048dfaeead99d7b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.01177v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QQRPZ54AQVKK","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QQRPZ54AQVKKZ3DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QQRPZ54A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e71d6e18653f8dc3677071ff711d1b4efeba8cbc7a1264228f1b8ae7163a32e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.01177/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"One of the key challenges in training Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is that target outputs typically come in the form of natural signals, such as labels for classification or images for generative models, and need to be encoded into spikes. This is done by handcrafting target spiking signals, which in turn implicitly fixes the mechanisms used to decode spikes into natural signals, e.g., rate decoding. The arbitrary choice of target signals and decoding rule generally impairs the capacity of the SNN to encode and process information in the timing of spikes. To address this problem, this work i","authors_text":"Hyeryung Jang, Nicolas Skatchkovsky, Osvaldo Simeone","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","title":"Learning to Time-Decode in Spiking Neural Networks Through the Information Bottleneck"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:52b7a685af08c47bbc90e1ff675adc8ec89062554de3f7c371f2fe09aed17de9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d77f5d207af143a574b2bbc3e82a8728f6f19eb5b2268af96a3632b26d6962c5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-06-02T14:14:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec13c34fc8be86e285c60044b2411eb34fef2da6284b0ee90048dfaeead99d7b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8422fcf7808554acec6f79e5b786953f83a91e6fd9340599242fb2ef51fa6837","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8422fcf7808554acec6f79e5b786953f83a91e6fd9340599242fb2ef51fa6837","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.051901Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.051901Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5SnWzkf3cNOF3ldzSU5a95m76c48HXdoFY1ecwPm03VCr0mthBlXy2mZcUZ/O0WRPbYDGEoT/HI9e6/Rzx1rAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:18:28.052368Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.01177","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:52b7a685af08c47bbc90e1ff675adc8ec89062554de3f7c371f2fe09aed17de9","sha256:e71d6e18653f8dc3677071ff711d1b4efeba8cbc7a1264228f1b8ae7163a32e8"],"state_sha256":"cbc698bb57f7a401206e334c61efa380ee82b6aeda54e6ae287f3f474a6c44a0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sOWSp0M5NjyL0r69wmODxWuQGzBvqwpoZhLz1jNQngUzCi+nMTyQpbSakmA+gSxzWHXJOTU0W5m7oM2aJDhYCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T09:05:07.448059Z","bundle_sha256":"73c755e8d8e24c88c4bdd662b56a0013f276b3daa146c50d5f18662bcf76dca0"}}