{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ","short_pith_number":"pith:QRE4HUXR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"19dfe81fdbdf54f8efc023e033a6ad645a25bf023554e9c7a5a2e8504bf136d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"8592a68bdb1e00276d0606e80c6dd9aa7b0ab5cefef8db4ece04e9262e8935a3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8449c3d2f178b3a58910f5d3018a25a246c90acd28f396bbd31e6608663aadb9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.05115","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.05115","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.05115v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.05115","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QRE4HUXRPCZ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QRE4HUXR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"19dfe81fdbdf54f8efc023e033a6ad645a25bf023554e9c7a5a2e8504bf136d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"8592a68bdb1e00276d0606e80c6dd9aa7b0ab5cefef8db4ece04e9262e8935a3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8449c3d2f178b3a58910f5d3018a25a246c90acd28f396bbd31e6608663aadb9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975566Z","signature_b64":"3OEUim/KshHtwkbqA9IpdRrTgRrJKm/t45+GUL5o7poGo/NX3dyuqdhIMxvLENU9VBemX0hR8fmjZs8Lm/TABw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8449c3d2f178b3a58910f5d3018a25a246c90acd28f396bbd31e6608663aadb9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975098Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975098Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.05115","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"plOxBNg+EpjIMQ61xU7C3ewBtUek6IDQVXASiqqCfnnNgjK87GT2DRsUXr+N144ud2c0mbiWTtGdQ7MGiKthDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T02:18:39.702073Z"},"content_sha256":"576375a6c99ecd435182bf302d819a0dd07cfb033eadecf245b3b6a38330312e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:576375a6c99ecd435182bf302d819a0dd07cfb033eadecf245b3b6a38330312e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nebular Spectra of 111 Type Ia Supernovae Disfavor Single Degenerate Progenitors","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"B. J. Shappee, C. S. Kochanek, E. Y. Hsiao, H. Kuncarayakti, J. Botyanszki, J. Brown, J. P. Anderson, J. Prieto, K. Z. Stanek, L. Galbany, M. A. Tucker, M. D. Stritzinger, M. M. Phillips, N. Morrell, P. J. Vallely, S. Kumar, Todd A. Thompson, T. W.-S. Holoien","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We place statistical constraints on Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors using 227 nebular phase spectra of 111 SNe Ia. We find no evidence of stripped companion emission in any of the nebular phase spectra. Upper limits are placed on the amount of mass that could go undetected in each spectrum using recent hydrodynamic simulations. With these null detections, we place an observational $3\\sigma$ upper limit on the fraction of SNe Ia that are produced through the classical H-rich non-degenerate companion scenario of < 5.5%. Additionally, we set a tentative $3\\sigma$ upper limit on He star prog"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1903.05115/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CVe9hvXhyRsu1+r8XX3vi/PJ70zekjnebsB1OC6fbjDNNl2ACyaos9O2ABMmOX26wGD4UHLSWc+j//JM/zTMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T02:18:39.702478Z"},"content_sha256":"d414555e9fbe7c69f46ee24610837a5e00880b7a4346b07c05776c742bc65ad2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d414555e9fbe7c69f46ee24610837a5e00880b7a4346b07c05776c742bc65ad2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-24T02:18:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ6XJQDCRFUJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8592a68bdb1e00276d0606e80c6dd9aa7b0ab5cefef8db4ece04e9262e8935a3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"19dfe81fdbdf54f8efc023e033a6ad645a25bf023554e9c7a5a2e8504bf136d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.05115","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.05115v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.05115","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QRE4HUXRPCZ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QRE4HUXRPCZ2LCIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QRE4HUXR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d414555e9fbe7c69f46ee24610837a5e00880b7a4346b07c05776c742bc65ad2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1903.05115/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We place statistical constraints on Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors using 227 nebular phase spectra of 111 SNe Ia. We find no evidence of stripped companion emission in any of the nebular phase spectra. Upper limits are placed on the amount of mass that could go undetected in each spectrum using recent hydrodynamic simulations. With these null detections, we place an observational $3\\sigma$ upper limit on the fraction of SNe Ia that are produced through the classical H-rich non-degenerate companion scenario of < 5.5%. Additionally, we set a tentative $3\\sigma$ upper limit on He star prog","authors_text":"B. J. Shappee, C. S. Kochanek, E. Y. Hsiao, H. Kuncarayakti, J. Botyanszki, J. Brown, J. P. Anderson, J. Prieto, K. Z. Stanek, L. Galbany, M. A. Tucker, M. D. Stritzinger, M. M. Phillips, N. Morrell, P. J. Vallely, S. Kumar, Todd A. Thompson, T. W.-S. Holoien","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","title":"Nebular Spectra of 111 Type Ia Supernovae Disfavor Single Degenerate Progenitors"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:576375a6c99ecd435182bf302d819a0dd07cfb033eadecf245b3b6a38330312e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8592a68bdb1e00276d0606e80c6dd9aa7b0ab5cefef8db4ece04e9262e8935a3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-03-12T18:03:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"19dfe81fdbdf54f8efc023e033a6ad645a25bf023554e9c7a5a2e8504bf136d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.05115","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"8449c3d2f178b3a58910f5d3018a25a246c90acd28f396bbd31e6608663aadb9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8449c3d2f178b3a58910f5d3018a25a246c90acd28f396bbd31e6608663aadb9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975098Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975098Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3OEUim/KshHtwkbqA9IpdRrTgRrJKm/t45+GUL5o7poGo/NX3dyuqdhIMxvLENU9VBemX0hR8fmjZs8Lm/TABw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:30:02.975566Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.05115","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:576375a6c99ecd435182bf302d819a0dd07cfb033eadecf245b3b6a38330312e","sha256:d414555e9fbe7c69f46ee24610837a5e00880b7a4346b07c05776c742bc65ad2"],"state_sha256":"6ea04b8703c0d2682bb4b1fc26fa965dd398bbf9e41ce3d2656b840f92cb918c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r/CUlvanRzFfV+Zb4GzBoNqUiOhGGxhYE7u6ZJuqf92BMAbS1i0m3P+e8ElT8i1tSBbkAyOaVwyIF01LceFCBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-24T02:18:39.705028Z","bundle_sha256":"753483fd36b5667d2aa23c8738a4f8654c3e4dfb25ea699635425666760e35cd"}}