{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2","short_pith_number":"pith:QRL64SA7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e491369ffef37278ad37dc9b021f910362fb30b3f2a54265b9f06abd92a71409","abstract_canon_sha256":"c5c7a4652f039173c85f41f755bcc82e5844a8abf3f883dd02c79f78c798fca8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8457ee481f69397229786364c135db569945f3fece6fb765ca29a53fb70c4d78","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.10380","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.10380","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.10380v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.10380","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QRL64SA7NE4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QRL64SA7NE4XEKLY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QRL64SA7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e491369ffef37278ad37dc9b021f910362fb30b3f2a54265b9f06abd92a71409","abstract_canon_sha256":"c5c7a4652f039173c85f41f755bcc82e5844a8abf3f883dd02c79f78c798fca8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8457ee481f69397229786364c135db569945f3fece6fb765ca29a53fb70c4d78","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488856Z","signature_b64":"SWZJf1A1d1iEUk6RvDU8i2b0S4Y8nmKCAs4gDkBO5iZ9SRSzQLB40I9cwLZeIUFLYS4MgJuEpq9SOF+zaoTODw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8457ee481f69397229786364c135db569945f3fece6fb765ca29a53fb70c4d78","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488305Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488305Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.10380","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aqeKCooyJz9rO3/R3FJnZZXkAiNasT48OHJg74eBbR6w1nG8o6hzNr6dMqvZkl/CIyC6ZdL2F2A9L2L1jHHgAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T01:50:05.144114Z"},"content_sha256":"91064b1921be64a6bed7ad6a6d40a29fbcdf4d9e82d40023d5aa68b3a1835056","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:91064b1921be64a6bed7ad6a6d40a29fbcdf4d9e82d40023d5aa68b3a1835056"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rectification in mesoscopic AC-gated semiconductor devices","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"D.A. Ritchie, G.A.C. Jones, I. Farrer, J.D. Fletcher, J.P. Griffiths, M. Kataoka, P. See, S.P. Giblin, T.J.B.M. Janssen","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We measure the rectified dc currents resulting when a 3-terminal semiconductor device with gate-dependent conductance is driven with an ac gate voltage. The rectified currents exhibit surprisingly complex behaviour as the dc source-drain bias voltage, the dc gate voltage and the amplitude of the ac gate voltage are varied. We obtain good agreement between our data and a model based on simple assumptions about the stray impedances on the sample chip, over a wide frequency range. This method is applicable to many types of experiment which involve ac gating of a non-linear device, and where an un"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pk5JDGdJCW3byAtrSTvgfr7ZuhAUqDINBXpBmhA2rlTLjEcvRvRiW9fBuyTGSLp53fu16CjoSLhFdte4eevSDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T01:50:05.144634Z"},"content_sha256":"f20ea4b1c106abe26805af7dfbe4a8b9ec123b0273454d2c7435e107c3e63603","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f20ea4b1c106abe26805af7dfbe4a8b9ec123b0273454d2c7435e107c3e63603"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T01:50:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QRL64SA7NE4XEKLYMNSMCNO3K2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c5c7a4652f039173c85f41f755bcc82e5844a8abf3f883dd02c79f78c798fca8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"e491369ffef37278ad37dc9b021f910362fb30b3f2a54265b9f06abd92a71409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.10380","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.10380v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.10380","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QRL64SA7NE4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QRL64SA7NE4XEKLY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QRL64SA7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f20ea4b1c106abe26805af7dfbe4a8b9ec123b0273454d2c7435e107c3e63603","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We measure the rectified dc currents resulting when a 3-terminal semiconductor device with gate-dependent conductance is driven with an ac gate voltage. The rectified currents exhibit surprisingly complex behaviour as the dc source-drain bias voltage, the dc gate voltage and the amplitude of the ac gate voltage are varied. We obtain good agreement between our data and a model based on simple assumptions about the stray impedances on the sample chip, over a wide frequency range. This method is applicable to many types of experiment which involve ac gating of a non-linear device, and where an un","authors_text":"D.A. Ritchie, G.A.C. Jones, I. Farrer, J.D. Fletcher, J.P. Griffiths, M. Kataoka, P. See, S.P. Giblin, T.J.B.M. Janssen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","title":"Rectification in mesoscopic AC-gated semiconductor devices"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:91064b1921be64a6bed7ad6a6d40a29fbcdf4d9e82d40023d5aa68b3a1835056","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c5c7a4652f039173c85f41f755bcc82e5844a8abf3f883dd02c79f78c798fca8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-09-27T07:34:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"e491369ffef37278ad37dc9b021f910362fb30b3f2a54265b9f06abd92a71409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.10380","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8457ee481f69397229786364c135db569945f3fece6fb765ca29a53fb70c4d78","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8457ee481f69397229786364c135db569945f3fece6fb765ca29a53fb70c4d78","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488305Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488305Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SWZJf1A1d1iEUk6RvDU8i2b0S4Y8nmKCAs4gDkBO5iZ9SRSzQLB40I9cwLZeIUFLYS4MgJuEpq9SOF+zaoTODw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:38.488856Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.10380","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:91064b1921be64a6bed7ad6a6d40a29fbcdf4d9e82d40023d5aa68b3a1835056","sha256:f20ea4b1c106abe26805af7dfbe4a8b9ec123b0273454d2c7435e107c3e63603"],"state_sha256":"a3d5ee872f1aa9937a029e9b8ac0a76daeca5d3b49a5a456d3637ddb257b7162"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pzeHCS/c+PnXkSMNTN93pBkG3K8vhT8N4EWZG0WbRhGlF7Qj2p8sAc/bBKpmaHmcPCxuGN7lWfGk4tW05IXhBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T01:50:05.147918Z","bundle_sha256":"c17bf7eddcade40cd861f3ef86a13fe75a4e369fc93a712ad45092a68f7e620a"}}