{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:QT53JCGHBYF4UJ4PVZ5HL5DNUH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e90bc5268751fd2d8016233c8367ef049dd9bf67db03bb13ca7f344b1b3bf0b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-09-30T20:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa2063e95ffa05d8492e20e57e96b54dc181824cdcecb08f58c6cbdefc77bc92"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.00079","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.00079","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.00079v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.00079","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QT53JCGHBYF4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QT53JCGHBYF4UJ4P","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QT53JCGH","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4fe5cf1f4a878a697b88d42f1cbaafb10b3652b12147bd66891e91fb38ae22b0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.00079/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Consider the problem of estimating the causal effect of some attribute of a text document; for example: what effect does writing a polite vs. rude email have on response time? To estimate a causal effect from observational data, we need to adjust for confounding aspects of the text that affect both the treatment and outcome -- e.g., the topic or writing level of the text. These confounding aspects are unknown a priori, so it seems natural to adjust for the entirety of the text (e.g., using a transformer). However, causal identification and estimation procedures rely on the assumption of overla","authors_text":"Lin Gui, Victor Veitch","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-09-30T20:33:17Z","title":"Causal Estimation for Text Data with (Apparent) Overlap Violations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.00079","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b37c5ae89858e51b50c78a1aa9501c8a40e78f1b30b0f040d8c56fd3a7b087d2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e90bc5268751fd2d8016233c8367ef049dd9bf67db03bb13ca7f344b1b3bf0b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2022-09-30T20:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa2063e95ffa05d8492e20e57e96b54dc181824cdcecb08f58c6cbdefc77bc92"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.00079","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"84fbb488c70e0bca278fae7a75f46da1c47fe4ab97fc67903596747e2e1023cc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"84fbb488c70e0bca278fae7a75f46da1c47fe4ab97fc67903596747e2e1023cc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53.517247Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53.517247Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RqHQENXp6t0VWh6K7XsLrIshRar/Ps8cC3pOiuzfD5mUUK280CUotXd4VH+cE7Jd0qT47cW7OVqb6tRnCQM2Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:39:53.517647Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.00079","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b37c5ae89858e51b50c78a1aa9501c8a40e78f1b30b0f040d8c56fd3a7b087d2","sha256:4fe5cf1f4a878a697b88d42f1cbaafb10b3652b12147bd66891e91fb38ae22b0"],"state_sha256":"4b2cf6ca763f05dbcc5954fc1e512eecee1763fdf0fa75786cef0ffec1250c69"}