{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ","short_pith_number":"pith:QTANSRDF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"104f9c4ffe49902f8fd7a8e93487ab17b4b201d36cf19adedf2d1d102c8520f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"5073eb47fc50f185101b392cadca335e4ebe3bef37f67c13d09307b725dd5280"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"84c0d94465f4e163bd7d8d7773c3ae3a7f909c575dd3709595d8ad912003bd39","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.01396","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.01396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.01396v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.01396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QTANSRDF6TQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QTANSRDF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"104f9c4ffe49902f8fd7a8e93487ab17b4b201d36cf19adedf2d1d102c8520f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"5073eb47fc50f185101b392cadca335e4ebe3bef37f67c13d09307b725dd5280"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"84c0d94465f4e163bd7d8d7773c3ae3a7f909c575dd3709595d8ad912003bd39","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678660Z","signature_b64":"L0kC6y4ZZ4jWVrAP9wlsn7rNakSxB7o+RLMf7LfSCtz3x+oBk/ClTIuoRVLlmn3X8tT6ZGQ9XbXceQCy+zxWDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"84c0d94465f4e163bd7d8d7773c3ae3a7f909c575dd3709595d8ad912003bd39","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678156Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678156Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.01396","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fYbBNUyHK3kv+Q0gsOZyolHk8BEO5Neaytqk70QmdjcF62pD6RSVvnorRL+kAeRfwglpN+p1khqET0xLnGAbAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:25:12.569627Z"},"content_sha256":"bc4a1b8212c82cdba0f7575e88d5fa642972a04b12fb77314eb349afa7dbb0b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bc4a1b8212c82cdba0f7575e88d5fa642972a04b12fb77314eb349afa7dbb0b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Devil is in the Tails: Regression Discontinuity Design with Measurement Error in the Assignment Variable","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Yi Shen, Zhuan Pei","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Identification in a regression discontinuity (RD) research design hinges on the discontinuity in the probability of treatment when a covariate (assignment variable) exceeds a known threshold. When the assignment variable is measured with error, however, the discontinuity in the relationship between the probability of treatment and the observed mismeasured assignment variable may disappear. Therefore, the presence of measurement error in the assignment variable poses a direct challenge to treatment effect identification. This paper provides sufficient conditions to identify the RD treatment eff"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iQ6yr6pzlXpPX48Yk3Orh/pOcakfADnut3E2opzAGo0OpbzbR5pxxLTyGl5jyZR+EGdglSP+GqtuzInluBCJDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:25:12.570518Z"},"content_sha256":"88e264ff285b6f451979dbd081842688b12c6e03623696f299f88db0689f578b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88e264ff285b6f451979dbd081842688b12c6e03623696f299f88db0689f578b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T08:25:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5RV3XHQ5OHJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5073eb47fc50f185101b392cadca335e4ebe3bef37f67c13d09307b725dd5280","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"104f9c4ffe49902f8fd7a8e93487ab17b4b201d36cf19adedf2d1d102c8520f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.01396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.01396v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.01396","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QTANSRDF6TQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QTANSRDF6TQWHPL5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QTANSRDF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:88e264ff285b6f451979dbd081842688b12c6e03623696f299f88db0689f578b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Identification in a regression discontinuity (RD) research design hinges on the discontinuity in the probability of treatment when a covariate (assignment variable) exceeds a known threshold. When the assignment variable is measured with error, however, the discontinuity in the relationship between the probability of treatment and the observed mismeasured assignment variable may disappear. Therefore, the presence of measurement error in the assignment variable poses a direct challenge to treatment effect identification. This paper provides sufficient conditions to identify the RD treatment eff","authors_text":"Yi Shen, Zhuan Pei","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","title":"The Devil is in the Tails: Regression Discontinuity Design with Measurement Error in the Assignment Variable"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bc4a1b8212c82cdba0f7575e88d5fa642972a04b12fb77314eb349afa7dbb0b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5073eb47fc50f185101b392cadca335e4ebe3bef37f67c13d09307b725dd5280","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-09-06T05:14:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"104f9c4ffe49902f8fd7a8e93487ab17b4b201d36cf19adedf2d1d102c8520f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.01396","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"84c0d94465f4e163bd7d8d7773c3ae3a7f909c575dd3709595d8ad912003bd39","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"84c0d94465f4e163bd7d8d7773c3ae3a7f909c575dd3709595d8ad912003bd39","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678156Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678156Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"L0kC6y4ZZ4jWVrAP9wlsn7rNakSxB7o+RLMf7LfSCtz3x+oBk/ClTIuoRVLlmn3X8tT6ZGQ9XbXceQCy+zxWDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:39.678660Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.01396","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bc4a1b8212c82cdba0f7575e88d5fa642972a04b12fb77314eb349afa7dbb0b2","sha256:88e264ff285b6f451979dbd081842688b12c6e03623696f299f88db0689f578b"],"state_sha256":"daf1ec2642345064d0b089f2ab963b226741f0eeab271de0a7b11c9eddc9ad72"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MNe4gQIix/a7D1ZkfgtMERgjl4qrPf3KPP73WxvpZaRW6IVs6UWlLKTanyuODbZldzJfqNA5SwUFt9ipp0MWDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:25:12.574844Z","bundle_sha256":"d9f9246384a82162fefd4dd1392036c60312f5752cd57a6b5c6a4cb7a324b901"}}