{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO","short_pith_number":"pith:QTUZ2YEN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"945f7eadbf169193a28a336db629a053767e9d229f243587063808c9fb03f669","abstract_canon_sha256":"25883d38923d85faf882a1189bda821a0bb1bc5d2522fccde887dae456a82cfa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"84e99d608d85f4a35b2839109e16acbb8b61ac657af57af3cd43a1c25f28c4b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.07413","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.07413","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.07413v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.07413","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QTUZ2YENQX2K","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QTUZ2YEN","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"945f7eadbf169193a28a336db629a053767e9d229f243587063808c9fb03f669","abstract_canon_sha256":"25883d38923d85faf882a1189bda821a0bb1bc5d2522fccde887dae456a82cfa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"84e99d608d85f4a35b2839109e16acbb8b61ac657af57af3cd43a1c25f28c4b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.264111Z","signature_b64":"xyIwcqjitQISuqzTimbGZI+Y+8Wokc954Due/T65W102InZ5Kvqgz6UIeoC9DXUyn42Cx8MjG4fLEyUW1UDgAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"84e99d608d85f4a35b2839109e16acbb8b61ac657af57af3cd43a1c25f28c4b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.263659Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.263659Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.07413","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y5kbKL6TtR1E/9u8VZqyUxcmdW9Lu2uRKH7Yrgi+f0lLIVH+WjWoyeKmPco4NQz/iH4IeVzfJWu1wsVnXJI7Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T15:27:46.932524Z"},"content_sha256":"b27f47305b101b89962390e6139a0324e0422c7e18e7637cf74ccb3608d3c1bb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b27f47305b101b89962390e6139a0324e0422c7e18e7637cf74ccb3608d3c1bb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Knowledge in Superposition: Unveiling the Failures of Lifelong Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenhui Hu, Jun Zhao, Kang Liu, Pengfei Cao, Yubo Chen","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Knowledge editing aims to update outdated or incorrect knowledge in large language models (LLMs). However, current knowledge editing methods have limited scalability for lifelong editing. This study explores the fundamental reason why knowledge editing fails in lifelong editing. We begin with the closed-form solution derived from linear associative memory, which underpins state-of-the-art knowledge editing methods. We extend the solution from single editing to lifelong editing, and through rigorous mathematical derivation, identify an interference term in the final solution, suggesting that ed"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.07413/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sKthQ/oWg9w1bYqrVxF34ooDX4DIOGIrCHSrTm1KnKbD7V8h8+xdwwDMzN4N/zWRPr/MCOKGGP4U1+jx/h9lCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T15:27:46.933190Z"},"content_sha256":"514fbec3f0786c4433f2bd26d3c6f0a656e696b303447f53d8a41e1aa2a428bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:514fbec3f0786c4433f2bd26d3c6f0a656e696b303447f53d8a41e1aa2a428bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T15:27:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZIHEIJ4FVMXO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25883d38923d85faf882a1189bda821a0bb1bc5d2522fccde887dae456a82cfa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"945f7eadbf169193a28a336db629a053767e9d229f243587063808c9fb03f669"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.07413","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.07413v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.07413","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QTUZ2YENQX2K","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QTUZ2YENQX2KGWZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QTUZ2YEN","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:514fbec3f0786c4433f2bd26d3c6f0a656e696b303447f53d8a41e1aa2a428bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.07413/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Knowledge editing aims to update outdated or incorrect knowledge in large language models (LLMs). However, current knowledge editing methods have limited scalability for lifelong editing. This study explores the fundamental reason why knowledge editing fails in lifelong editing. We begin with the closed-form solution derived from linear associative memory, which underpins state-of-the-art knowledge editing methods. We extend the solution from single editing to lifelong editing, and through rigorous mathematical derivation, identify an interference term in the final solution, suggesting that ed","authors_text":"Chenhui Hu, Jun Zhao, Kang Liu, Pengfei Cao, Yubo Chen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","title":"Knowledge in Superposition: Unveiling the Failures of Lifelong Knowledge Editing for Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b27f47305b101b89962390e6139a0324e0422c7e18e7637cf74ccb3608d3c1bb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25883d38923d85faf882a1189bda821a0bb1bc5d2522fccde887dae456a82cfa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-08-14T09:43:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"945f7eadbf169193a28a336db629a053767e9d229f243587063808c9fb03f669"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.07413","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"84e99d608d85f4a35b2839109e16acbb8b61ac657af57af3cd43a1c25f28c4b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"84e99d608d85f4a35b2839109e16acbb8b61ac657af57af3cd43a1c25f28c4b0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.263659Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.263659Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xyIwcqjitQISuqzTimbGZI+Y+8Wokc954Due/T65W102InZ5Kvqgz6UIeoC9DXUyn42Cx8MjG4fLEyUW1UDgAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:20:14.264111Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.07413","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b27f47305b101b89962390e6139a0324e0422c7e18e7637cf74ccb3608d3c1bb","sha256:514fbec3f0786c4433f2bd26d3c6f0a656e696b303447f53d8a41e1aa2a428bf"],"state_sha256":"0e92975a973ca576e1ba24eccbb0d84a801babd2ef07d818f32775c6b597752b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DUm52c9wLzCyDeDz6aFeRAbd70mgHvPlO8nsI0z/wEpHWi7xFqX7H3puGBCuDy0n8NJ+eGFRZDb0w/8KHlTOCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T15:27:46.940318Z","bundle_sha256":"2f60589ebbfc824965b41b53dc5a948239849741d8d729018196cfd061e02f6a"}}