{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:QUITCGDBK5RHNN2KZBKYDHCA3I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7322727982d2460ba52d0e22427d41e8b472f83707057deeb244bdd03fc2676","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2010-05-17T17:37:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"2676ac5c8a7474abd1119fd2e02f6f5f1af314a90e48e094390078f5709c2a4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1005.2985","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1005.2985","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1005.2985v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1005.2985","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QUITCGDBK5RH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QUITCGDBK5RHNN2K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QUITCGDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0b2b2632a7d5339bf02f77d05fc1ae096f1d98d804acbc756c678278d181873a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The notion of thermal time has been introduced as a possible basis for a fully general-relativistic thermodynamics. Here we study this notion in the restricted context of stationary spacetimes. We show that the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect (in a stationary gravitational field, temperature is not constant in space at thermal equilibrium) can be derived very simply by applying the equivalence principle to a key property of thermal time: at equilibrium, temperature is the rate of thermal time with respect to proper time - the `speed of (thermal) time'. Unlike other published derivations of the Tolman-","authors_text":"Carlo Rovelli, Matteo Smerlak","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2010-05-17T17:37:32Z","title":"Thermal time and the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect: temperature as the \"speed of time\""},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1005.2985","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:50dc4ffeaabc43ea3276f4720e4a10cda966500c79921b871bbb165733989d31","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7322727982d2460ba52d0e22427d41e8b472f83707057deeb244bdd03fc2676","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2010-05-17T17:37:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"2676ac5c8a7474abd1119fd2e02f6f5f1af314a90e48e094390078f5709c2a4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1005.2985","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"8511311861576276b74ac855819c40da360b6330fd5605d419eed9702e9d916b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8511311861576276b74ac855819c40da360b6330fd5605d419eed9702e9d916b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.587786Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.587786Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zVzjY5H/ev9RHLmRkIjyYWRV0HB7CiD7RrALYDgDx0wPKKBp/iv3yZtyjqOtKKgPXzitrTR+pfGPeIyySpLJAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.588202Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1005.2985","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:50dc4ffeaabc43ea3276f4720e4a10cda966500c79921b871bbb165733989d31","sha256:0b2b2632a7d5339bf02f77d05fc1ae096f1d98d804acbc756c678278d181873a"],"state_sha256":"90dd137173d096a72423cfff45584f1358cc465748f57cd277c8537f7bfa4d48"}