{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT","short_pith_number":"pith:QUVYQXBS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"26a9262558f00121135d7e680e62d27d29bd3ef242dbcb081ee723ef3cc6fb56","abstract_canon_sha256":"12e577c21e164b71c088165f0f3fbdd074908363c549ff9b608da4b47418288e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"852b885c32b318ef15a059182dfdcb5cfe35536cec58f85e72f9ebb0a94c3435","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.09781","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.09781","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.09781v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.09781","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QUVYQXBSWMMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QUVYQXBS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"26a9262558f00121135d7e680e62d27d29bd3ef242dbcb081ee723ef3cc6fb56","abstract_canon_sha256":"12e577c21e164b71c088165f0f3fbdd074908363c549ff9b608da4b47418288e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"852b885c32b318ef15a059182dfdcb5cfe35536cec58f85e72f9ebb0a94c3435","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428752Z","signature_b64":"vRtmqQfQVpdiuj5H8q4GBQW3QeF5rU3bcftq0itW3bowpdrHkQDHrA2iOJ2YPnd6ng/MoVpuGqiM1rINR5hECw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"852b885c32b318ef15a059182dfdcb5cfe35536cec58f85e72f9ebb0a94c3435","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428122Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.09781","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CGrcxfdXV/4LQTpZvGxBigP9uLTXD6KxxxwdzyrRCzvsz19Fd6cv4axNviTskG9KqwKiH4G/M8JxCpYRc69rBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T13:53:51.176551Z"},"content_sha256":"a03f9c5242bf372c4dfc49fe60d76268de213319e82bc46bc0231c519a83e65f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a03f9c5242bf372c4dfc49fe60d76268de213319e82bc46bc0231c519a83e65f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Model-independent Curvature Determination from Gravitational-Wave Standard Sirens and Cosmic Chronometers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Jun-Jie Wei","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) provides a direct way to measure the luminosity distance, which enables us to probe cosmology. In this paper, we continue to expand the application of GW standard sirens in cosmology, and propose that the spatial curvature can be estimated in a model-independent way by comparing the distances from future GW sources and current cosmic-chronometer observations. We expect an electromagnetic counterpart of the GW event to give the source redshift, and simulate hundreds of GW data from the coalescence of double neutron stars and black hole--neutron star bi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XAVCl0Z2sdOAqx04bYHYcF1eTk0RGQsWo5jqZ7qSfmELXH7L3PS811QNyzyN+USSaK7P6NFyfPtj8tcAt2R2Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T13:53:51.177251Z"},"content_sha256":"473fe5137465968dce05b2750f74437526971682bf6c28365f443ef6dd8848a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:473fe5137465968dce05b2750f74437526971682bf6c28365f443ef6dd8848a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T13:53:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNALEMC37OLLT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12e577c21e164b71c088165f0f3fbdd074908363c549ff9b608da4b47418288e","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"26a9262558f00121135d7e680e62d27d29bd3ef242dbcb081ee723ef3cc6fb56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.09781","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.09781v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.09781","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QUVYQXBSWMMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QUVYQXBSWMMO6FNA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QUVYQXBS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:473fe5137465968dce05b2750f74437526971682bf6c28365f443ef6dd8848a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) provides a direct way to measure the luminosity distance, which enables us to probe cosmology. In this paper, we continue to expand the application of GW standard sirens in cosmology, and propose that the spatial curvature can be estimated in a model-independent way by comparing the distances from future GW sources and current cosmic-chronometer observations. We expect an electromagnetic counterpart of the GW event to give the source redshift, and simulate hundreds of GW data from the coalescence of double neutron stars and black hole--neutron star bi","authors_text":"Jun-Jie Wei","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","title":"Model-independent Curvature Determination from Gravitational-Wave Standard Sirens and Cosmic Chronometers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a03f9c5242bf372c4dfc49fe60d76268de213319e82bc46bc0231c519a83e65f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12e577c21e164b71c088165f0f3fbdd074908363c549ff9b608da4b47418288e","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-06-26T03:29:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"26a9262558f00121135d7e680e62d27d29bd3ef242dbcb081ee723ef3cc6fb56"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"852b885c32b318ef15a059182dfdcb5cfe35536cec58f85e72f9ebb0a94c3435","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"852b885c32b318ef15a059182dfdcb5cfe35536cec58f85e72f9ebb0a94c3435","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428122Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vRtmqQfQVpdiuj5H8q4GBQW3QeF5rU3bcftq0itW3bowpdrHkQDHrA2iOJ2YPnd6ng/MoVpuGqiM1rINR5hECw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:52.428752Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.09781","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a03f9c5242bf372c4dfc49fe60d76268de213319e82bc46bc0231c519a83e65f","sha256:473fe5137465968dce05b2750f74437526971682bf6c28365f443ef6dd8848a6"],"state_sha256":"7bb0773d73f59312c260e32c3a218ec485ee7d52cebdbc0a63fc10b0394e467c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RepnTMMEn93kJgo16VT5RM6OBEyPxgfA27bdT7ho0ANwFANH5eLqHhKfazmYG5pNE5UiBHU55jNdYT9hMV65AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T13:53:51.180971Z","bundle_sha256":"baf8dc5b397ba1aebdbea2d545644fb2481e1c2ff25ae2f3d78290ec91d6bbe6"}}