{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD","short_pith_number":"pith:QV3ME23V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9a07cdf68445b84b251ae09102ad15a6aace3166b3ab25e00197007fcb8bf48e","abstract_canon_sha256":"41cc1dda71033b7dc7cf676ebd06d486d8c30b841a8e4c889d368a4442972c97"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8576c26b7553e3f12f650f8149dae9a0c667a9ce0dc348d5c09b193269b316d6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.02372","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.02372","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.02372v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.02372","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QV3ME23VKPR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QV3ME23VKPR7CL3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QV3ME23V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9a07cdf68445b84b251ae09102ad15a6aace3166b3ab25e00197007fcb8bf48e","abstract_canon_sha256":"41cc1dda71033b7dc7cf676ebd06d486d8c30b841a8e4c889d368a4442972c97"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8576c26b7553e3f12f650f8149dae9a0c667a9ce0dc348d5c09b193269b316d6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.453533Z","signature_b64":"Mfv0WAtK81HjWQkoszGe47fTjefQc4h72y6wi8ATZXOSAvO5J5zUDOTK1b/h90ZFN3cpbnWYsKZrEk3qA5X0DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8576c26b7553e3f12f650f8149dae9a0c667a9ce0dc348d5c09b193269b316d6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.452879Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.452879Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.02372","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NWueEOI9P8ZsaHFj4Fcw8Os1QyG1eJZw1rRzePNVqmoZTpI6nc+xyNToMJ9IbD3Oy0a8J5XzzeIiqtnVbCfHBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:50:05.760426Z"},"content_sha256":"ca8f6f523f7510719dbe32b9318ef68d91604a079a8af3b85dd5d80f53f23989","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca8f6f523f7510719dbe32b9318ef68d91604a079a8af3b85dd5d80f53f23989"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The 21cm bispectrum as a probe of non-Gaussianities due to X-ray heating","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Catherine A. Watkinson, Garrelt Mellema, Hannah E. Ross, Ilian T. Iliev, Jonathan R. Pritchard, Keri L. Dixon, Sambit K. Giri","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present analysis of the normalised 21-cm bispectrum from fully-numerical simulations of intergalactic-medium heating by stellar sources and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) during the cosmic dawn. Lyman-$\\alpha$ coupling is assumed to be saturated, we therefore probe the nature of non-Gaussianities produced by X-ray heating processes. We find the evolution of the normalised bispectrum to be very different from that of the power spectrum. It exhibits a turnover whose peak moves from large to small scales with decreasing redshift, and corresponds to the typical separation of emission regions. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cvabxFT741b9OFVPswbLT4DwgZvHodqsSs79UMS3EWGleKBQChYJLV6LM839TXSTzvjxZg7aXGEvQUqMzC03BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:50:05.760776Z"},"content_sha256":"dddf2a1efdacc28e15c579a47ebb21a8040eb3ccd4985a1ef629d13e27b13e57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dddf2a1efdacc28e15c579a47ebb21a8040eb3ccd4985a1ef629d13e27b13e57"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T00:50:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QV3ME23VKPR7CL3FB6AUTWXJUD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41cc1dda71033b7dc7cf676ebd06d486d8c30b841a8e4c889d368a4442972c97","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a07cdf68445b84b251ae09102ad15a6aace3166b3ab25e00197007fcb8bf48e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.02372","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.02372v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.02372","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QV3ME23VKPR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QV3ME23VKPR7CL3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QV3ME23V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dddf2a1efdacc28e15c579a47ebb21a8040eb3ccd4985a1ef629d13e27b13e57","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present analysis of the normalised 21-cm bispectrum from fully-numerical simulations of intergalactic-medium heating by stellar sources and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) during the cosmic dawn. Lyman-$\\alpha$ coupling is assumed to be saturated, we therefore probe the nature of non-Gaussianities produced by X-ray heating processes. We find the evolution of the normalised bispectrum to be very different from that of the power spectrum. It exhibits a turnover whose peak moves from large to small scales with decreasing redshift, and corresponds to the typical separation of emission regions. ","authors_text":"Catherine A. Watkinson, Garrelt Mellema, Hannah E. Ross, Ilian T. Iliev, Jonathan R. Pritchard, Keri L. Dixon, Sambit K. Giri","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","title":"The 21cm bispectrum as a probe of non-Gaussianities due to X-ray heating"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca8f6f523f7510719dbe32b9318ef68d91604a079a8af3b85dd5d80f53f23989","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41cc1dda71033b7dc7cf676ebd06d486d8c30b841a8e4c889d368a4442972c97","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T13:59:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a07cdf68445b84b251ae09102ad15a6aace3166b3ab25e00197007fcb8bf48e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.02372","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8576c26b7553e3f12f650f8149dae9a0c667a9ce0dc348d5c09b193269b316d6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8576c26b7553e3f12f650f8149dae9a0c667a9ce0dc348d5c09b193269b316d6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.452879Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.452879Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mfv0WAtK81HjWQkoszGe47fTjefQc4h72y6wi8ATZXOSAvO5J5zUDOTK1b/h90ZFN3cpbnWYsKZrEk3qA5X0DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:43.453533Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.02372","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca8f6f523f7510719dbe32b9318ef68d91604a079a8af3b85dd5d80f53f23989","sha256:dddf2a1efdacc28e15c579a47ebb21a8040eb3ccd4985a1ef629d13e27b13e57"],"state_sha256":"1b8b8422b4ec8007da7f620dfca55cb3ce0df9403fbc9d531caa31dfd1fdc3a8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Tw0GZZNO9qCyaPhaDXapdEixt/fdmk62mAIvWnBquQKrbHx+XZ3COeKTeC3HyCFXewePvwKBpa4LxO+wyqrjDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:50:05.762757Z","bundle_sha256":"b8f3bdee7461b423d29ea7ee229e9a1c76fd70e7e7f3c1d3aee0a9d944cb4678"}}