{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7","short_pith_number":"pith:QWH4ZTC6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"97b94920f97d7f648a42d25b631a19bffa5ce2202071f991ca061f83c50ee78b","abstract_canon_sha256":"9af89f868c5929d5611a6dd4bf3b681fd3b2de5df72caa147c7dfb0c74587876"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"858fcccc5e643ea86a06a2ed3eafd167ddefc20d7c8bdf7a6c7ccea4fd975860","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1309.6643","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.6643","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.6643v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.6643","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6MQ7K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"97b94920f97d7f648a42d25b631a19bffa5ce2202071f991ca061f83c50ee78b","abstract_canon_sha256":"9af89f868c5929d5611a6dd4bf3b681fd3b2de5df72caa147c7dfb0c74587876"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"858fcccc5e643ea86a06a2ed3eafd167ddefc20d7c8bdf7a6c7ccea4fd975860","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.587537Z","signature_b64":"4aI2/HkHGtYW+vAbcOFDQf1un5fcyZd4BjW5vej7iUQXnVWUoYHdPOazz/7WWGSZS/InGtC9kYKAOGqxt0pkBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"858fcccc5e643ea86a06a2ed3eafd167ddefc20d7c8bdf7a6c7ccea4fd975860","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.586625Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.586625Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1309.6643","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BJqQvy+y2u/vUktw3uZx/OglmzYAnEXv92+KRvg+zzYlVvOPumRQgrfHcXHDuO1vZz0sff+UFscQMt9roE1XAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:09:37.400352Z"},"content_sha256":"98e12c2702e35275f18564bfd61cca89af53ea2d224c03524102cb3463628dba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98e12c2702e35275f18564bfd61cca89af53ea2d224c03524102cb3463628dba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Violent Youth of Bright and Massive Cluster Galaxies and their Maturation over 7 Billion Years","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Bego\\~na Ascaso, Brian C. Lemaux, Dale D. Kocevski, Gordon Squires, Lori M. Lubin, Nicholas Rumbaugh, Roy R. Gal","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this study we investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) over cosmic time. At high redshift ($z\\sim0.9$), we selected BCGs and most massive cluster galaxies (MMCGs) from the Cl1604 supercluster and compared them to low-redshift ($z\\sim0.1$) counterparts drawn from the MCXC meta-catalog, supplemented by SDSS imaging and spectroscopy. We observed striking differences in the morphological, color, spectral, and stellar mass properties of the BCGs/MMCGs in the two samples. High-redshift BCGs/MMCGs were, in many cases, star-forming, late-type galax"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Sx6mDCi5FWpv8D1yIehXZnX+LknZ1n1KDMQaCx/OTahyF2LupT/DORzMRVqWCf7A3jAnRvl4wFYrsfxmPg7pDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:09:37.400711Z"},"content_sha256":"3faa3782c281562243f6e65bb1bc801ac275dfcc62dad74c7552f84236356680","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3faa3782c281562243f6e65bb1bc801ac275dfcc62dad74c7552f84236356680"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T11:09:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QGULWT5L6RM7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9af89f868c5929d5611a6dd4bf3b681fd3b2de5df72caa147c7dfb0c74587876","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"97b94920f97d7f648a42d25b631a19bffa5ce2202071f991ca061f83c50ee78b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.6643","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.6643v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.6643","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6MQ7K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6MQ7KQ2QG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QWH4ZTC6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3faa3782c281562243f6e65bb1bc801ac275dfcc62dad74c7552f84236356680","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this study we investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) over cosmic time. At high redshift ($z\\sim0.9$), we selected BCGs and most massive cluster galaxies (MMCGs) from the Cl1604 supercluster and compared them to low-redshift ($z\\sim0.1$) counterparts drawn from the MCXC meta-catalog, supplemented by SDSS imaging and spectroscopy. We observed striking differences in the morphological, color, spectral, and stellar mass properties of the BCGs/MMCGs in the two samples. High-redshift BCGs/MMCGs were, in many cases, star-forming, late-type galax","authors_text":"Bego\\~na Ascaso, Brian C. Lemaux, Dale D. Kocevski, Gordon Squires, Lori M. Lubin, Nicholas Rumbaugh, Roy R. Gal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","title":"The Violent Youth of Bright and Massive Cluster Galaxies and their Maturation over 7 Billion Years"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:98e12c2702e35275f18564bfd61cca89af53ea2d224c03524102cb3463628dba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9af89f868c5929d5611a6dd4bf3b681fd3b2de5df72caa147c7dfb0c74587876","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-09-25T20:00:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"97b94920f97d7f648a42d25b631a19bffa5ce2202071f991ca061f83c50ee78b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.6643","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"858fcccc5e643ea86a06a2ed3eafd167ddefc20d7c8bdf7a6c7ccea4fd975860","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"858fcccc5e643ea86a06a2ed3eafd167ddefc20d7c8bdf7a6c7ccea4fd975860","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.586625Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.586625Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4aI2/HkHGtYW+vAbcOFDQf1un5fcyZd4BjW5vej7iUQXnVWUoYHdPOazz/7WWGSZS/InGtC9kYKAOGqxt0pkBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:47:26.587537Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1309.6643","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:98e12c2702e35275f18564bfd61cca89af53ea2d224c03524102cb3463628dba","sha256:3faa3782c281562243f6e65bb1bc801ac275dfcc62dad74c7552f84236356680"],"state_sha256":"7ce1c254a4d8ec599c8c80a18860b4f8fb96d90749d7ca3adf3864e75cdd238d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6G61Gq/3o+6r2IABdi9c+lCt+FTn3zV79zNymrnghha4NH+63glVypjOWghCSww8otqAd1fi/FNIxM4a1xUNDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T11:09:37.402903Z","bundle_sha256":"13d06d830ed926c82f92d7e716e68e6b545a558c29cfbbffb30be6c101b3e8a2"}}