{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P","short_pith_number":"pith:QXNHJWHL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"930a05afcbc3932e2b0c15aae00f265d42a8983b4b9cdf843c738f4895ee3640","abstract_canon_sha256":"4490b330fc777319b5ae7b565ba3481bb641da3a0689d4c5714365266a6ba2f6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"85da74d8eb6b7cc8988a02631019f7e3cfa3646ff08ca140f91973c32ef37d7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.01636","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.01636","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.01636v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.01636","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QXNHJWHLNN6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QXNHJWHL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"930a05afcbc3932e2b0c15aae00f265d42a8983b4b9cdf843c738f4895ee3640","abstract_canon_sha256":"4490b330fc777319b5ae7b565ba3481bb641da3a0689d4c5714365266a6ba2f6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"85da74d8eb6b7cc8988a02631019f7e3cfa3646ff08ca140f91973c32ef37d7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708858Z","signature_b64":"IhLbR6kYSPg/7qe3v0UxtKJg5bcPdyW7KYEJjWVprPlDlD3y7tXFYIbPFsy9MWJhlwFzMH0rBgwWzqUv7K0wCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"85da74d8eb6b7cc8988a02631019f7e3cfa3646ff08ca140f91973c32ef37d7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708399Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708399Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.01636","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/VFecWm5+LqSzFWoVS/uYRVBXo0OcDD8DowwA+EGC+260S4EDVoPFq0dWWu4P/axCJxPPXM0CJqbmCCtXWAEAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:11:44.314536Z"},"content_sha256":"a98ea1158751c4c6ae08224bcc2983d198f70a156d6aef6986350e2cdbf897cf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a98ea1158751c4c6ae08224bcc2983d198f70a156d6aef6986350e2cdbf897cf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Empirical Study of Named Entity Recognition Performance Using Distribution-aware Word Embedding","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Qi Zhao, Xin Chen, Xinyang Liu","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the fast development of Deep Learning techniques, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is becoming more and more important in the information extraction task. The greatest difficulty that the NER task faces is to keep the detectability even when types of NE and documents are unfamiliar. Realizing that the specificity information may contain potential meanings of a word and generate semantic-related features for word embedding, we develop a distribution-aware word embedding and implement three different methods to make use of the distribution information in a NER framework. And the result shows "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.01636/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v1WIphKsC8IdXX1CtacsA3nNWs/uXdTMT6HU2E7m7rbyMJgrMKhEMVQdavJzPMJ8rZYOGzdyg5Atif7Tu8ScAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:11:44.314911Z"},"content_sha256":"9a5e511632c41e591163eed0166d8dcd95a989e5ae60cc60ac35ea7a1cf49de3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a5e511632c41e591163eed0166d8dcd95a989e5ae60cc60ac35ea7a1cf49de3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T08:11:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEKAJRRAGPX4P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4490b330fc777319b5ae7b565ba3481bb641da3a0689d4c5714365266a6ba2f6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"930a05afcbc3932e2b0c15aae00f265d42a8983b4b9cdf843c738f4895ee3640"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.01636","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.01636v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.01636","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QXNHJWHLNN6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QXNHJWHLNN6MRGEK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QXNHJWHL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9a5e511632c41e591163eed0166d8dcd95a989e5ae60cc60ac35ea7a1cf49de3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.01636/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the fast development of Deep Learning techniques, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is becoming more and more important in the information extraction task. The greatest difficulty that the NER task faces is to keep the detectability even when types of NE and documents are unfamiliar. Realizing that the specificity information may contain potential meanings of a word and generate semantic-related features for word embedding, we develop a distribution-aware word embedding and implement three different methods to make use of the distribution information in a NER framework. And the result shows ","authors_text":"Qi Zhao, Xin Chen, Xinyang Liu","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","title":"Empirical Study of Named Entity Recognition Performance Using Distribution-aware Word Embedding"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a98ea1158751c4c6ae08224bcc2983d198f70a156d6aef6986350e2cdbf897cf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4490b330fc777319b5ae7b565ba3481bb641da3a0689d4c5714365266a6ba2f6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T17:28:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"930a05afcbc3932e2b0c15aae00f265d42a8983b4b9cdf843c738f4895ee3640"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.01636","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"85da74d8eb6b7cc8988a02631019f7e3cfa3646ff08ca140f91973c32ef37d7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"85da74d8eb6b7cc8988a02631019f7e3cfa3646ff08ca140f91973c32ef37d7c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708399Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708399Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IhLbR6kYSPg/7qe3v0UxtKJg5bcPdyW7KYEJjWVprPlDlD3y7tXFYIbPFsy9MWJhlwFzMH0rBgwWzqUv7K0wCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:57.708858Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.01636","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a98ea1158751c4c6ae08224bcc2983d198f70a156d6aef6986350e2cdbf897cf","sha256:9a5e511632c41e591163eed0166d8dcd95a989e5ae60cc60ac35ea7a1cf49de3"],"state_sha256":"c76a3ba885217f2d70527fed53572dd2fafcaa281a9c6d9343708f1f1bd777a1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u52HKHxYBWcoBbpXvg5K3xecuU5YblfgZcjFxMHKBeNNWFw7nbYFE+I5p21TTuOzgAOHTWCVaheUtw/YyvzzBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:11:44.316921Z","bundle_sha256":"2e9712bc22187febd8aec9e4d2b1d63778707dffb08deb249b9151f0808c42e1"}}