{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW","short_pith_number":"pith:QY5KDFMZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66ea8ad271acaf7738ffbf2d9602a889ddce9911bdba32395188da661878405f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e411c9d1f63a58ec241485a502a573b9c2cd5ce6453914c28bb21438bf313a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"863aa19599e25b77eecdc95e1a69335d949cc62bf6f15c851109710c52888187","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1706.02050","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.02050","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.02050v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.02050","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ4JNX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66ea8ad271acaf7738ffbf2d9602a889ddce9911bdba32395188da661878405f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e411c9d1f63a58ec241485a502a573b9c2cd5ce6453914c28bb21438bf313a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"863aa19599e25b77eecdc95e1a69335d949cc62bf6f15c851109710c52888187","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318890Z","signature_b64":"YtuOUv6qP7aRkO5AsOIWv7AFb7JvfrEIgCbQ5nhHQjIQqPre6UKH/xPaTdDNSvKJRmj2bd96IxOlGcYYm2beDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"863aa19599e25b77eecdc95e1a69335d949cc62bf6f15c851109710c52888187","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318090Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318090Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1706.02050","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/Y7WztEnT0gCqPv1k5zZBX2iZRUgh9+ViSQ0GanjT9nCkmxfbOZpNUWYadAC4RYsE8KunGqiJF2k+3XIJW9ZBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:10:52.864294Z"},"content_sha256":"f3a0dc2b440d28a89d159f0ec17c68270b08f2ce0cc3d5698d3b9189143da3c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3a0dc2b440d28a89d159f0ec17c68270b08f2ce0cc3d5698d3b9189143da3c7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rocky Worlds Limited to ~1.8 Earth Radii by Atmospheric Escape During a Star's Extreme UV Saturation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"David Catling, Owen Lehmer","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations and analysis of low mass (<10$M_{\\oplus}$), exoplanets have found that rocky planets only have radii up to 1.5-2$R_{\\oplus}$. Two general hypotheses exist for the cause of the dichotomy between rocky and gas-enveloped planets (or possible water worlds): either low mass planets do not necessarily form thick atmospheres of a few wt. %, or the thick atmospheres on these planets easily escape driven by x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emissions from young parent stars. Here we show that a cutoff between rocky and gas-enveloped planets due to hydrodynamic escape is most likel"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MKy71OSGZxcJy4pY5lK/HOWJJKv+1RgHNFPvjZGg6QMoJUr0sbSYbVI9YqZXqwqNUtiQ7sM+poTHkh9sOrTwDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:10:52.865034Z"},"content_sha256":"fe80c2559f4dc05f32c71c82ec6d5fb4bf5a2cb8cf5ef840bab2d309f3d27917","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fe80c2559f4dc05f32c71c82ec6d5fb4bf5a2cb8cf5ef840bab2d309f3d27917"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T22:10:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WNZFPBU2JTLW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e411c9d1f63a58ec241485a502a573b9c2cd5ce6453914c28bb21438bf313a6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"66ea8ad271acaf7738ffbf2d9602a889ddce9911bdba32395188da661878405f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.02050","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.02050v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.02050","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ4JNX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ4JNXP3WN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QY5KDFMZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fe80c2559f4dc05f32c71c82ec6d5fb4bf5a2cb8cf5ef840bab2d309f3d27917","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations and analysis of low mass (<10$M_{\\oplus}$), exoplanets have found that rocky planets only have radii up to 1.5-2$R_{\\oplus}$. Two general hypotheses exist for the cause of the dichotomy between rocky and gas-enveloped planets (or possible water worlds): either low mass planets do not necessarily form thick atmospheres of a few wt. %, or the thick atmospheres on these planets easily escape driven by x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emissions from young parent stars. Here we show that a cutoff between rocky and gas-enveloped planets due to hydrodynamic escape is most likel","authors_text":"David Catling, Owen Lehmer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","title":"Rocky Worlds Limited to ~1.8 Earth Radii by Atmospheric Escape During a Star's Extreme UV Saturation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f3a0dc2b440d28a89d159f0ec17c68270b08f2ce0cc3d5698d3b9189143da3c7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e411c9d1f63a58ec241485a502a573b9c2cd5ce6453914c28bb21438bf313a6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-06-07T05:34:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"66ea8ad271acaf7738ffbf2d9602a889ddce9911bdba32395188da661878405f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.02050","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"863aa19599e25b77eecdc95e1a69335d949cc62bf6f15c851109710c52888187","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"863aa19599e25b77eecdc95e1a69335d949cc62bf6f15c851109710c52888187","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318090Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318090Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YtuOUv6qP7aRkO5AsOIWv7AFb7JvfrEIgCbQ5nhHQjIQqPre6UKH/xPaTdDNSvKJRmj2bd96IxOlGcYYm2beDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:31.318890Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1706.02050","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f3a0dc2b440d28a89d159f0ec17c68270b08f2ce0cc3d5698d3b9189143da3c7","sha256:fe80c2559f4dc05f32c71c82ec6d5fb4bf5a2cb8cf5ef840bab2d309f3d27917"],"state_sha256":"bf8cae4935a1bc22ad8ce11979e2d5470c627fe5723272e3d5e1e91ab7e7aa5e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+ew90ni26r5/wqTzH+0LMEjlWuptbQrmWsKibhII3OYi6yt5JABWxBNBwwmQQmij79VyyEhmK8oWq67zgMTEBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:10:52.868633Z","bundle_sha256":"3ee97b09c8d768349ff8fe129185cfba8b2b30514d91175d5b127416fe617e33"}}