{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3","short_pith_number":"pith:QYKPJMAW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b8f82ed69aa802bfb575523dae35467109645289a124bab1699c5de6bc7d4e03","abstract_canon_sha256":"e507550366523bd8a73064a7da4c22f1500d00a1a2ea236c4b5889e068ded54a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8614f4b01667d0f8f7e32c8c9b379e5edbb6b3f901ec94eb24d9845c407c2c24","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.12172","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12172","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12172v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12172","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYKPJMAWM7IP","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYKPJMAWM7IPR57D","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYKPJMAW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b8f82ed69aa802bfb575523dae35467109645289a124bab1699c5de6bc7d4e03","abstract_canon_sha256":"e507550366523bd8a73064a7da4c22f1500d00a1a2ea236c4b5889e068ded54a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8614f4b01667d0f8f7e32c8c9b379e5edbb6b3f901ec94eb24d9845c407c2c24","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.433123Z","signature_b64":"3iCra8NUZ34S0Oyh0LcfeHOiJLE+S+hbUKEWmlHeub0HEz2puOAPqhezKOf1Az+KEiBxqAqznzv6TpRU8WxHBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8614f4b01667d0f8f7e32c8c9b379e5edbb6b3f901ec94eb24d9845c407c2c24","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.432605Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.432605Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.12172","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oJAjFJpJhNZ5HYF3H2EjnJJ7LdL3rLvA3kqYWQd6cIpHuLkKDg0OYK0AYC/y5LIw9qUUQ06IV5ql4xHzxFw9CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:49:27.639915Z"},"content_sha256":"2663e564ccceac93095ceb53fb2cc8536ec3501005de9cc4ae5a1c57aaf1ac90","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2663e564ccceac93095ceb53fb2cc8536ec3501005de9cc4ae5a1c57aaf1ac90"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Latency Price of Threshold Cryptosystem in Blockchains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Alexander Spiegelman, Sourav Das, Zekun Li, Zhoujun Ma, Zhuolun Xiang","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Threshold cryptography is essential for many blockchain protocols. For example, many protocols rely on threshold common coin to implement asynchronous consensus, leader elections, and provide support for randomized applications. Similarly, threshold decryption and threshold time-lock puzzles are often necessary for privacy.\n  In this paper, we study the interplay between threshold cryptography and a class of blockchains that use Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols with a focus on latency. More specifically, we focus on blockchain-native threshold cryptosystem, where the blockcha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12172/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0zdsrboqUnV5oD2ZpuTQJdhOgola2P4zRAKkCc5LrgFEr+02v/7Vv6qArXJJFgHXihe0YCroaRQd8FmMS2wrBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:49:27.640714Z"},"content_sha256":"e4e96d3a99945933bfa8604d3a5e3aec4cbe3c92337ab7207fd9352920903dd1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e4e96d3a99945933bfa8604d3a5e3aec4cbe3c92337ab7207fd9352920903dd1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T20:49:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:QYKPJMAWM7IPR57DFSGJWN46L3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e507550366523bd8a73064a7da4c22f1500d00a1a2ea236c4b5889e068ded54a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b8f82ed69aa802bfb575523dae35467109645289a124bab1699c5de6bc7d4e03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12172","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12172v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12172","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYKPJMAWM7IP","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYKPJMAWM7IPR57D","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYKPJMAW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e4e96d3a99945933bfa8604d3a5e3aec4cbe3c92337ab7207fd9352920903dd1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12172/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Threshold cryptography is essential for many blockchain protocols. For example, many protocols rely on threshold common coin to implement asynchronous consensus, leader elections, and provide support for randomized applications. Similarly, threshold decryption and threshold time-lock puzzles are often necessary for privacy.\n  In this paper, we study the interplay between threshold cryptography and a class of blockchains that use Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols with a focus on latency. More specifically, we focus on blockchain-native threshold cryptosystem, where the blockcha","authors_text":"Alexander Spiegelman, Sourav Das, Zekun Li, Zhoujun Ma, Zhuolun Xiang","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","title":"The Latency Price of Threshold Cryptosystem in Blockchains"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2663e564ccceac93095ceb53fb2cc8536ec3501005de9cc4ae5a1c57aaf1ac90","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e507550366523bd8a73064a7da4c22f1500d00a1a2ea236c4b5889e068ded54a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-07-16T20:53:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b8f82ed69aa802bfb575523dae35467109645289a124bab1699c5de6bc7d4e03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12172","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"8614f4b01667d0f8f7e32c8c9b379e5edbb6b3f901ec94eb24d9845c407c2c24","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8614f4b01667d0f8f7e32c8c9b379e5edbb6b3f901ec94eb24d9845c407c2c24","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.432605Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.432605Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3iCra8NUZ34S0Oyh0LcfeHOiJLE+S+hbUKEWmlHeub0HEz2puOAPqhezKOf1Az+KEiBxqAqznzv6TpRU8WxHBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:07:59.433123Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.12172","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2663e564ccceac93095ceb53fb2cc8536ec3501005de9cc4ae5a1c57aaf1ac90","sha256:e4e96d3a99945933bfa8604d3a5e3aec4cbe3c92337ab7207fd9352920903dd1"],"state_sha256":"4fac3dd05f55b35bb24be40e52089809e5acf67078416811e424a91643ab6e9c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0X/Lbi4OOsIPnb28UTV4JJv+mBO+9oQUvU27Gde4aYaSLNUp2QSqkVVm1af7oeQgtUjRnKMoqHbzZAzTG6q9Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:49:27.706947Z","bundle_sha256":"3a912147f6b3441e90303e42d87c38146856f6d9ceaec7a66de523530a70c9a6"}}