{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE","short_pith_number":"pith:QYW43EA6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"e923f5d100f55d4e10cc48062e8eef3538495cfb370923040f225c49f4f2b95d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d8997535ed312c38ff6b28797a0bb378d30c199e05831135aa5e9c70891a53a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"862dcd901e46245a021994ca1cafc7c913754d6ce00130dc194cc4a6029f57cc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.07653","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.07653","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.07653v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.07653","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYW43EA6IYSF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYW43EA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"e923f5d100f55d4e10cc48062e8eef3538495cfb370923040f225c49f4f2b95d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d8997535ed312c38ff6b28797a0bb378d30c199e05831135aa5e9c70891a53a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"862dcd901e46245a021994ca1cafc7c913754d6ce00130dc194cc4a6029f57cc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671804Z","signature_b64":"e0tcKiMn+NLk3G2EtA3UT+aMDOUMHL4meHVLom+1o2CqkIckxhiLZ875jVSMFem87yJoYIYexulhE9MS21ruBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"862dcd901e46245a021994ca1cafc7c913754d6ce00130dc194cc4a6029f57cc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671249Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.07653","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b6OK4WyMnp/EfCI/sj+zJA8LJOLWC1MC3L1rXNG1ExNTtHq3XU/yDSWYLqC0d/ECUXoj/GtzrqrxjkPCVaURAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T07:58:05.261602Z"},"content_sha256":"1e22b3e32d47334c51dba639f8ade52134288bf977e5cccd7521e7c7a946dcbe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e22b3e32d47334c51dba639f8ade52134288bf977e5cccd7521e7c7a946dcbe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Selection Functions in Astronomical Data Modeling, with the Space Density of White Dwarfs as Worked Example","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Andrew Casey, Andrew Everall, Anthony G.A. Brown, David W. Hogg, Douglas Boubert, Hans-Walter Rix, Morgan Fouesneau, Ronald Drimmel","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Statistical studies of astronomical data sets, in particular of cataloged properties for discrete objects, are central to astrophysics. One cannot model those objects' population properties or incidences without a quantitative understanding of the conditions under which these objects ended up in a catalog or sample, the sample's selection function. As systematic and didactic introductions to this topic are scarce in the astrophysical literature, we aim to provide one, addressing generically the following questions: What is a selection function? What arguments $\\vec{q}$ should a selection funct"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.07653/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wbmvkGrjnUOUlIxgiwBPnjlTGCFw8v5vA6SBQVZQIE9Ctqa/4AfUknWtBTTrvlveX2wQMnzol1ZJEdCADvlMBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T07:58:05.262857Z"},"content_sha256":"19a1822a06386d1bb18825db0ff2d311fec0d707a75559c7a4143e70a69d78ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:19a1822a06386d1bb18825db0ff2d311fec0d707a75559c7a4143e70a69d78ec"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T07:58:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZSTFBZL6HZE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d8997535ed312c38ff6b28797a0bb378d30c199e05831135aa5e9c70891a53a6","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"e923f5d100f55d4e10cc48062e8eef3538495cfb370923040f225c49f4f2b95d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.07653","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.07653v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.07653","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYW43EA6IYSF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYW43EA6IYSFUAQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYW43EA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:19a1822a06386d1bb18825db0ff2d311fec0d707a75559c7a4143e70a69d78ec","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.07653/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Statistical studies of astronomical data sets, in particular of cataloged properties for discrete objects, are central to astrophysics. One cannot model those objects' population properties or incidences without a quantitative understanding of the conditions under which these objects ended up in a catalog or sample, the sample's selection function. As systematic and didactic introductions to this topic are scarce in the astrophysical literature, we aim to provide one, addressing generically the following questions: What is a selection function? What arguments $\\vec{q}$ should a selection funct","authors_text":"Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Andrew Casey, Andrew Everall, Anthony G.A. Brown, David W. Hogg, Douglas Boubert, Hans-Walter Rix, Morgan Fouesneau, Ronald Drimmel","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","title":"Selection Functions in Astronomical Data Modeling, with the Space Density of White Dwarfs as Worked Example"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1e22b3e32d47334c51dba639f8ade52134288bf977e5cccd7521e7c7a946dcbe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d8997535ed312c38ff6b28797a0bb378d30c199e05831135aa5e9c70891a53a6","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2021-06-14T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"e923f5d100f55d4e10cc48062e8eef3538495cfb370923040f225c49f4f2b95d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.07653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"862dcd901e46245a021994ca1cafc7c913754d6ce00130dc194cc4a6029f57cc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"862dcd901e46245a021994ca1cafc7c913754d6ce00130dc194cc4a6029f57cc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671249Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"e0tcKiMn+NLk3G2EtA3UT+aMDOUMHL4meHVLom+1o2CqkIckxhiLZ875jVSMFem87yJoYIYexulhE9MS21ruBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:16:18.671804Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.07653","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1e22b3e32d47334c51dba639f8ade52134288bf977e5cccd7521e7c7a946dcbe","sha256:19a1822a06386d1bb18825db0ff2d311fec0d707a75559c7a4143e70a69d78ec"],"state_sha256":"35c930fda112b5ecec1bf3b56d16da0223a25bb6e7d74907afc3883733aa2e5f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vfsLIkeXunsmbCJHWN4d6JxfiRVWJpwSR/8Bo9W/or5CbdSk1C9KBAqCjnbKB1V+TKakioWKtPSYeUkOLnuMAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T07:58:05.271804Z","bundle_sha256":"3e68e2ea606b944e30daea2d9fe44f73924e31f2e9da4803e5f69924682251e8"}}