{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV","short_pith_number":"pith:R2ZU4P4X","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"8323f9f993b7bbf728153d245ede8ad3d1353aa4cfd8897ba60361846f5f31d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4864bd5a96f6fbfea1fb9e2329feb546ce9ef7f7582ae7b96c491fa23b6c193f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8eb34e3f97ce6f64669435f42edda73570250318162dfcc327c12f55376ad916","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.08362","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.08362","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.08362v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.08362","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4XZZXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4X","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"8323f9f993b7bbf728153d245ede8ad3d1353aa4cfd8897ba60361846f5f31d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4864bd5a96f6fbfea1fb9e2329feb546ce9ef7f7582ae7b96c491fa23b6c193f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8eb34e3f97ce6f64669435f42edda73570250318162dfcc327c12f55376ad916","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.237146Z","signature_b64":"Mw3AyYrFDJD42Y0XQSHlUf2EWwmGtBl0tMf6HRz+jkSfYkn9i6wJwS/BhoYDJRlTgD6mtA0Z/BGWtnMd2u4oDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8eb34e3f97ce6f64669435f42edda73570250318162dfcc327c12f55376ad916","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.236703Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.236703Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.08362","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"idHXNTqO5xwqeSwlj+FIJqF+mGBqPLrzfv1f7MQcdR05RM6dO/TsYqLgX7HGi5X5zGu4Th9cIsza8jn27/ggDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T15:21:36.397176Z"},"content_sha256":"cb4ab60a96e5659dedd9221ce3cf5f3a8c5c445829653b587c13417a4c1db2af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb4ab60a96e5659dedd9221ce3cf5f3a8c5c445829653b587c13417a4c1db2af"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Intersectional Definition of Fairness","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"James Foulds, Kamrun Naher Keya, Rashidul Islam, Shimei Pan","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose definitions of fairness in machine learning and artificial intelligence systems that are informed by the framework of intersectionality, a critical lens arising from the Humanities literature which analyzes how interlocking systems of power and oppression affect individuals along overlapping dimensions including gender, race, sexual orientation, class, and disability. We show that our criteria behave sensibly for any subset of the set of protected attributes, and we prove economic, privacy, and generalization guarantees. We provide a learning algorithm which respects our intersectio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1807.08362/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mKWIoUhwkhDUpSsxzHBipQtnj4TxDjpH01iuwJRaVFfJUVfnni5QfiF6zL00xe4F8CbBIx1Kgiuc/NQISdqsAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T15:21:36.397914Z"},"content_sha256":"7b3db501d9f19c8ab5b99561a4d9d7f3d49aad1f7869023a800f59bee795b015","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7b3db501d9f19c8ab5b99561a4d9d7f3d49aad1f7869023a800f59bee795b015"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T15:21:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUUGX2C5XNHGV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4864bd5a96f6fbfea1fb9e2329feb546ce9ef7f7582ae7b96c491fa23b6c193f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"8323f9f993b7bbf728153d245ede8ad3d1353aa4cfd8897ba60361846f5f31d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.08362","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.08362v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.08362","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4XZZXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4XZZXWIZUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R2ZU4P4X","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7b3db501d9f19c8ab5b99561a4d9d7f3d49aad1f7869023a800f59bee795b015","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1807.08362/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose definitions of fairness in machine learning and artificial intelligence systems that are informed by the framework of intersectionality, a critical lens arising from the Humanities literature which analyzes how interlocking systems of power and oppression affect individuals along overlapping dimensions including gender, race, sexual orientation, class, and disability. We show that our criteria behave sensibly for any subset of the set of protected attributes, and we prove economic, privacy, and generalization guarantees. We provide a learning algorithm which respects our intersectio","authors_text":"James Foulds, Kamrun Naher Keya, Rashidul Islam, Shimei Pan","cross_cats":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","title":"An Intersectional Definition of Fairness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cb4ab60a96e5659dedd9221ce3cf5f3a8c5c445829653b587c13417a4c1db2af","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4864bd5a96f6fbfea1fb9e2329feb546ce9ef7f7582ae7b96c491fa23b6c193f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-07-22T20:37:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"8323f9f993b7bbf728153d245ede8ad3d1353aa4cfd8897ba60361846f5f31d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.08362","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"8eb34e3f97ce6f64669435f42edda73570250318162dfcc327c12f55376ad916","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8eb34e3f97ce6f64669435f42edda73570250318162dfcc327c12f55376ad916","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.236703Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.236703Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mw3AyYrFDJD42Y0XQSHlUf2EWwmGtBl0tMf6HRz+jkSfYkn9i6wJwS/BhoYDJRlTgD6mtA0Z/BGWtnMd2u4oDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:03:12.237146Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.08362","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cb4ab60a96e5659dedd9221ce3cf5f3a8c5c445829653b587c13417a4c1db2af","sha256:7b3db501d9f19c8ab5b99561a4d9d7f3d49aad1f7869023a800f59bee795b015"],"state_sha256":"bed476c23a37af8099e22f65e8c5cf8378534eb68c1a29ef36ddfa439bcdd72f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ie2T1w4DteFXXxckuFs5pFP+03bkfZYY0QPPGApjCqrE79HmS+ciY3M5AvVSpFwlx8HED2ON9+GlFdY3mAIMBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T15:21:36.401702Z","bundle_sha256":"d4eae88fae13b99f36012a7c7b043c6688e5a787c2f488666cb851c6909ac300"}}