{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU","short_pith_number":"pith:R3F6PB25","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee823e9138c626795f69c947674f5725758c8e1d3e7bd64cdab0f0357e3a2608","abstract_canon_sha256":"13f13e6976d4300aaa05aff4bfd19ebc641a75009dbe11c35ddb547f7b90ff9d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8ecbe7875d3e0aa8bb1d2566f5d20c1d19a3d231c42fc536e70c17dc79831ff2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.0794","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.0794","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.0794v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.0794","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3F6PB25HYFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3F6PB25HYFKROY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3F6PB25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ee823e9138c626795f69c947674f5725758c8e1d3e7bd64cdab0f0357e3a2608","abstract_canon_sha256":"13f13e6976d4300aaa05aff4bfd19ebc641a75009dbe11c35ddb547f7b90ff9d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8ecbe7875d3e0aa8bb1d2566f5d20c1d19a3d231c42fc536e70c17dc79831ff2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.998801Z","signature_b64":"FdW169NZy9fws3MvJt4LqgoqJJI89JFO9xNWa0vZyAywxezU4GRuSj95FPsPDiwEF7xpvmpbTKQC3TL/GijoDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8ecbe7875d3e0aa8bb1d2566f5d20c1d19a3d231c42fc536e70c17dc79831ff2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.997906Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.997906Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.0794","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Ms1gkh+V4sniIY7dHO5m14JELVFSN+rnI0t4/cCqAqGTbYQkBZIPAANbSmuSB0frua/huXHuLTWAqpZLPMvDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:47:39.557203Z"},"content_sha256":"8365d2f1c1a986159eaa69785b3d943361591dbf5294bc2e89ab7dbc2405126c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8365d2f1c1a986159eaa69785b3d943361591dbf5294bc2e89ab7dbc2405126c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal Bacon-Shor codes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"John Napp, John Preskill","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the performance of Bacon-Shor codes, quantum subsystem codes which are well suited for applications to fault-tolerant quantum memory because the error syndrome can be extracted by performing two-qubit measurements. Assuming independent noise, we find the optimal block size in terms of the bit-flip error probability p_X and the phase error probability p_Z, and determine how the probability of a logical error depends on p_X and p_Z. We show that a single Bacon-Shor code block, used by itself without concatenation, can provide very effective protection against logical errors if the noise"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ANf2G1kw6loi7JeFzWNMZ4kkiO502gabhfP4Qa519Z0BloJt1OZfYWXbKRqaOVXlJaqPrYMFds4TgRY/t07LCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:47:39.557883Z"},"content_sha256":"1d810ab90f59b38b888653e538ca03524aaf4b0e71758420f11837ec6dbba9b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d810ab90f59b38b888653e538ca03524aaf4b0e71758420f11837ec6dbba9b0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T22:47:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:R3F6PB25HYFKROY5EVTPLUQMDU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13f13e6976d4300aaa05aff4bfd19ebc641a75009dbe11c35ddb547f7b90ff9d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee823e9138c626795f69c947674f5725758c8e1d3e7bd64cdab0f0357e3a2608"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.0794","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.0794v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.0794","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3F6PB25HYFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3F6PB25HYFKROY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3F6PB25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1d810ab90f59b38b888653e538ca03524aaf4b0e71758420f11837ec6dbba9b0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the performance of Bacon-Shor codes, quantum subsystem codes which are well suited for applications to fault-tolerant quantum memory because the error syndrome can be extracted by performing two-qubit measurements. Assuming independent noise, we find the optimal block size in terms of the bit-flip error probability p_X and the phase error probability p_Z, and determine how the probability of a logical error depends on p_X and p_Z. We show that a single Bacon-Shor code block, used by itself without concatenation, can provide very effective protection against logical errors if the noise","authors_text":"John Napp, John Preskill","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","title":"Optimal Bacon-Shor codes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8365d2f1c1a986159eaa69785b3d943361591dbf5294bc2e89ab7dbc2405126c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13f13e6976d4300aaa05aff4bfd19ebc641a75009dbe11c35ddb547f7b90ff9d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T20:34:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"ee823e9138c626795f69c947674f5725758c8e1d3e7bd64cdab0f0357e3a2608"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.0794","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8ecbe7875d3e0aa8bb1d2566f5d20c1d19a3d231c42fc536e70c17dc79831ff2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8ecbe7875d3e0aa8bb1d2566f5d20c1d19a3d231c42fc536e70c17dc79831ff2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.997906Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.997906Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FdW169NZy9fws3MvJt4LqgoqJJI89JFO9xNWa0vZyAywxezU4GRuSj95FPsPDiwEF7xpvmpbTKQC3TL/GijoDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:34:02.998801Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.0794","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8365d2f1c1a986159eaa69785b3d943361591dbf5294bc2e89ab7dbc2405126c","sha256:1d810ab90f59b38b888653e538ca03524aaf4b0e71758420f11837ec6dbba9b0"],"state_sha256":"5a070fa5da51bd3f93e0f0569df0047025e55b6baa3a92e7994762d4f44e0f2b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"573X6xCN8WA7CmrkHIGTIKsDUuDzrgmudQwsXUYFirpDMBrCZi3TFX2bmpBRIa6RZ+OJsxKLaRSu5K3YH3HaCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:47:39.562057Z","bundle_sha256":"4434146c272c1ad144bd6372cf6984cef944ebeaca58bf5693670ce5f665c67e"}}