{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM","short_pith_number":"pith:R3P5BKG2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"c72131a680048f71bd6111783810af86420d25909b7f28062da86cae174bda68","abstract_canon_sha256":"9c4fd0d8b36636c52a17259c11e267c0cedc3f3219bbe4c66e747f1a1fffeb74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8edfd0a8da2a00d34243bae91986a0b3399547aa3a47ecb53934ff57143b664d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2201.09146","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.09146","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.09146v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.09146","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2FIAN","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2FIANGQSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"c72131a680048f71bd6111783810af86420d25909b7f28062da86cae174bda68","abstract_canon_sha256":"9c4fd0d8b36636c52a17259c11e267c0cedc3f3219bbe4c66e747f1a1fffeb74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8edfd0a8da2a00d34243bae91986a0b3399547aa3a47ecb53934ff57143b664d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483925Z","signature_b64":"YTRzaFGV8T7gLdWasK0ku0TQ79H/OSZbcdGa7CO+IXRhb02MDOEuGVt03LWxcOxDVG8odxM3wf97gO1eB3F9Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8edfd0a8da2a00d34243bae91986a0b3399547aa3a47ecb53934ff57143b664d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483414Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483414Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2201.09146","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gGsI8AYq/BD67OBm90Zq6rsakyUVwvBNchHbWoux2S7wBSO9Nh0XqfKRsB16v8ZqqjF3hoZ+CCytixHsByA+CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T09:24:15.391836Z"},"content_sha256":"21745bd61c0a2d3316da690485c819f7e42c41d32ac10df3972734f9892470a2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:21745bd61c0a2d3316da690485c819f7e42c41d32ac10df3972734f9892470a2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Question rewriting? Assessing its importance for conversational question answering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Bruno Martins, Gon\\c{c}alo Raposo, Lu\\'isa Coheur, Rui Ribeiro","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"In conversational question answering, systems must correctly interpret the interconnected interactions and generate knowledgeable answers, which may require the retrieval of relevant information from a background repository. Recent approaches to this problem leverage neural language models, although different alternatives can be considered in terms of modules for (a) representing user questions in context, (b) retrieving the relevant background information, and (c) generating the answer. This work presents a conversational question answering system designed specifically for the Search-Oriented"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2201.09146/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vnOFsFhBR3jhj5uML5ogFsAorSJXhCt61pcVLAkIj8e4jx/O+64w7POTcOm8HGulBdm+E0X9TQjo7h24f3V0BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T09:24:15.392194Z"},"content_sha256":"6728d16559fcf449612a238304bfa86f5563ced531be29bb65e25801a55cd0f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6728d16559fcf449612a238304bfa86f5563ced531be29bb65e25801a55cd0f8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T09:24:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:R3P5BKG2FIANGQSDXLURTBVAWM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9c4fd0d8b36636c52a17259c11e267c0cedc3f3219bbe4c66e747f1a1fffeb74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"c72131a680048f71bd6111783810af86420d25909b7f28062da86cae174bda68"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.09146","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.09146v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.09146","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2FIAN","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2FIANGQSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3P5BKG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6728d16559fcf449612a238304bfa86f5563ced531be29bb65e25801a55cd0f8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2201.09146/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In conversational question answering, systems must correctly interpret the interconnected interactions and generate knowledgeable answers, which may require the retrieval of relevant information from a background repository. Recent approaches to this problem leverage neural language models, although different alternatives can be considered in terms of modules for (a) representing user questions in context, (b) retrieving the relevant background information, and (c) generating the answer. This work presents a conversational question answering system designed specifically for the Search-Oriented","authors_text":"Bruno Martins, Gon\\c{c}alo Raposo, Lu\\'isa Coheur, Rui Ribeiro","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","title":"Question rewriting? Assessing its importance for conversational question answering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:21745bd61c0a2d3316da690485c819f7e42c41d32ac10df3972734f9892470a2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9c4fd0d8b36636c52a17259c11e267c0cedc3f3219bbe4c66e747f1a1fffeb74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-01-22T23:31:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"c72131a680048f71bd6111783810af86420d25909b7f28062da86cae174bda68"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8edfd0a8da2a00d34243bae91986a0b3399547aa3a47ecb53934ff57143b664d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8edfd0a8da2a00d34243bae91986a0b3399547aa3a47ecb53934ff57143b664d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483414Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483414Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YTRzaFGV8T7gLdWasK0ku0TQ79H/OSZbcdGa7CO+IXRhb02MDOEuGVt03LWxcOxDVG8odxM3wf97gO1eB3F9Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:41.483925Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2201.09146","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:21745bd61c0a2d3316da690485c819f7e42c41d32ac10df3972734f9892470a2","sha256:6728d16559fcf449612a238304bfa86f5563ced531be29bb65e25801a55cd0f8"],"state_sha256":"8dd3d3e0d808657abf60a791195ef1891a16e40c52e0c561331cb9455478d8a0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xb7Ch9ULirwWla8Ar79+1jy2O720g2n4Clb4acvgrKTGKpywdGuUufWcJLixJ9ZhNefgRwxaeZhiNohDEGnhDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T09:24:15.395694Z","bundle_sha256":"2d4be5db304a35ef6a720ea1220f283bbd8ab8513bc3c9816a353d8b7592b9a1"}}