{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT","short_pith_number":"pith:R3SXZEJR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"115c85f6020747e9ced0410f6628f0299b26d553e80cd7c00af27bc8a9435054","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf6a343c6774ffa015a6b2ea5ab567bcdec5076169302433a70cc31e23c31990"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8ee57c913129295f7f9fa63befe3073cfca0b750ef04426295f72ccdf6b82497","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.11690","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.11690","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.11690v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.11690","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3SXZEJRFEUV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3SXZEJRFEUV6747","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3SXZEJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"115c85f6020747e9ced0410f6628f0299b26d553e80cd7c00af27bc8a9435054","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf6a343c6774ffa015a6b2ea5ab567bcdec5076169302433a70cc31e23c31990"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8ee57c913129295f7f9fa63befe3073cfca0b750ef04426295f72ccdf6b82497","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.571436Z","signature_b64":"LLqpslz8LKTjRodggKMcZcwYL6RLNlsr3BgSc1sFJb4eiw2bkl/m5wMg0E8/byzz3n5SdoICqkEqR+8SVCzeDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8ee57c913129295f7f9fa63befe3073cfca0b750ef04426295f72ccdf6b82497","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.570992Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.570992Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.11690","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x69YRb80D+kpWSprSv7+r3Y/tsAiUL0QAFrRZajkNHJBJalNjhA+j3qDTg0rMZpQypvc0M35qAZ0R3cw0Br1BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:14:04.751918Z"},"content_sha256":"7de03f9ad831928a62202f4b64f62fd052bcdfd27ab85e7ed4c96625ed2de62c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7de03f9ad831928a62202f4b64f62fd052bcdfd27ab85e7ed4c96625ed2de62c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Refactoring Programs Using Large Language Models with Few-Shot Examples","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.PL","authors_text":"Atsushi Shirafuji, Jun Suzuki, Makoto Morishita, Yusuke Oda, Yutaka Watanobe","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"A less complex and more straightforward program is a crucial factor that enhances its maintainability and makes writing secure and bug-free programs easier. However, due to its heavy workload and the risks of breaking the working programs, programmers are reluctant to do code refactoring, and thus, it also causes the loss of potential learning experiences. To mitigate this, we demonstrate the application of using a large language model (LLM), GPT-3.5, to suggest less complex versions of the user-written Python program, aiming to encourage users to learn how to write better programs. We propose"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.11690/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D+4y1ekzOoVWJSr2aczkBR/m8KgbGjBu22d6NWKd7yOdhxXSvywPLtZqFKr6oFf52VlpX5ziBGqanPlJYLYkAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:14:04.752243Z"},"content_sha256":"874cc4c9406bdbf4800b71c6fd340451ada760a1fcc09c431c2558da63fcd14f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:874cc4c9406bdbf4800b71c6fd340451ada760a1fcc09c431c2558da63fcd14f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T11:14:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:R3SXZEJRFEUV6747UY567YYHHT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf6a343c6774ffa015a6b2ea5ab567bcdec5076169302433a70cc31e23c31990","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"115c85f6020747e9ced0410f6628f0299b26d553e80cd7c00af27bc8a9435054"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.11690","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.11690v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.11690","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R3SXZEJRFEUV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R3SXZEJRFEUV6747","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R3SXZEJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:874cc4c9406bdbf4800b71c6fd340451ada760a1fcc09c431c2558da63fcd14f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.11690/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A less complex and more straightforward program is a crucial factor that enhances its maintainability and makes writing secure and bug-free programs easier. However, due to its heavy workload and the risks of breaking the working programs, programmers are reluctant to do code refactoring, and thus, it also causes the loss of potential learning experiences. To mitigate this, we demonstrate the application of using a large language model (LLM), GPT-3.5, to suggest less complex versions of the user-written Python program, aiming to encourage users to learn how to write better programs. We propose","authors_text":"Atsushi Shirafuji, Jun Suzuki, Makoto Morishita, Yusuke Oda, Yutaka Watanobe","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","title":"Refactoring Programs Using Large Language Models with Few-Shot Examples"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7de03f9ad831928a62202f4b64f62fd052bcdfd27ab85e7ed4c96625ed2de62c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf6a343c6774ffa015a6b2ea5ab567bcdec5076169302433a70cc31e23c31990","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.PL","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T11:43:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"115c85f6020747e9ced0410f6628f0299b26d553e80cd7c00af27bc8a9435054"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.11690","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8ee57c913129295f7f9fa63befe3073cfca0b750ef04426295f72ccdf6b82497","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8ee57c913129295f7f9fa63befe3073cfca0b750ef04426295f72ccdf6b82497","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.570992Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.570992Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LLqpslz8LKTjRodggKMcZcwYL6RLNlsr3BgSc1sFJb4eiw2bkl/m5wMg0E8/byzz3n5SdoICqkEqR+8SVCzeDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:35.571436Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.11690","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7de03f9ad831928a62202f4b64f62fd052bcdfd27ab85e7ed4c96625ed2de62c","sha256:874cc4c9406bdbf4800b71c6fd340451ada760a1fcc09c431c2558da63fcd14f"],"state_sha256":"28d9c0849c56a9977eb46310acd8eee7aad77b0295ca7cac19049f151dc3bd21"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UlsUd3lBlOkctydNTVauE0Ene/VWqTaBJlxT1Kq5Kdao8t9/D++PsuJGneKjQuzWr/vBv+pyGhm8xy6KD9JaAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:14:04.755632Z","bundle_sha256":"b497f4d57d097191320330b23930ebcde9cb113c7c27cec7f283df2ba89d672d"}}