{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z","short_pith_number":"pith:R5LXY3FW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6071efc5fad9821ecd1a198bde2ba1f8464f94cb341bd61376bd8a5fc4ddb72","abstract_canon_sha256":"a81376fa3ae100d99d45cd9e97ab68ff8b0213620aab1c0c4225cb0f60bd8a72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8f577c6cb6cf9dc5612225f16e5c3ee67d7f76ea83c75d99781391a2a94b0481","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.04720","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.04720","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.04720v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.04720","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R5LXY3FWZ6O4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R5LXY3FW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6071efc5fad9821ecd1a198bde2ba1f8464f94cb341bd61376bd8a5fc4ddb72","abstract_canon_sha256":"a81376fa3ae100d99d45cd9e97ab68ff8b0213620aab1c0c4225cb0f60bd8a72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8f577c6cb6cf9dc5612225f16e5c3ee67d7f76ea83c75d99781391a2a94b0481","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.790069Z","signature_b64":"TEYSUSo2rn8gLcJdOpTsbvDSynWbVZ43eQJQeLugd8aZKsjuWfQma7xsKxRhzvCupGLUx7uZJoJt0+coP0CKAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8f577c6cb6cf9dc5612225f16e5c3ee67d7f76ea83c75d99781391a2a94b0481","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.789408Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.789408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.04720","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EYVTl1GQQ1+lWZy1wd7Md5KwQFd2IXiF3kF7yKxPQ62O6FWBekn2pKKcRBECj76pR7eH5SyGhQvbbFlUxxQ2Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:34:17.117838Z"},"content_sha256":"698edd9c8ec82f1a222234eda6c1b089f11e1a53ff55fcfbf8f93f0e7d82c42b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:698edd9c8ec82f1a222234eda6c1b089f11e1a53ff55fcfbf8f93f0e7d82c42b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rotation Invariant Householder Parameterization for Bayesian PCA","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Nils Bertschinger, Rajbir S. Nirwan","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider probabilistic PCA and related factor models from a Bayesian perspective. These models are in general not identifiable as the likelihood has a rotational symmetry. This gives rise to complicated posterior distributions with continuous subspaces of equal density and thus hinders efficiency of inference as well as interpretation of obtained parameters. In particular, posterior averages over factor loadings become meaningless and only model predictions are unambiguous. Here, we propose a parameterization based on Householder transformations, which remove the rotational symmetry of the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FPdV65tNMIiCv5RgOD0Q5xL5zxMTkd4VFmfeIC3LXjhWUWrh448XGyjDLhCTpKDPbKUzWnVm8709MYTHgYLtBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:34:17.118191Z"},"content_sha256":"482e1b3bec3d43b17235490c8c7646b40b9035b3724a024349572fc91cdc84ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:482e1b3bec3d43b17235490c8c7646b40b9035b3724a024349572fc91cdc84ff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T06:34:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJCEXYW4XB64Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a81376fa3ae100d99d45cd9e97ab68ff8b0213620aab1c0c4225cb0f60bd8a72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6071efc5fad9821ecd1a198bde2ba1f8464f94cb341bd61376bd8a5fc4ddb72"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.04720","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.04720v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.04720","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R5LXY3FWZ6O4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R5LXY3FWZ6O4KYJC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R5LXY3FW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:482e1b3bec3d43b17235490c8c7646b40b9035b3724a024349572fc91cdc84ff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider probabilistic PCA and related factor models from a Bayesian perspective. These models are in general not identifiable as the likelihood has a rotational symmetry. This gives rise to complicated posterior distributions with continuous subspaces of equal density and thus hinders efficiency of inference as well as interpretation of obtained parameters. In particular, posterior averages over factor loadings become meaningless and only model predictions are unambiguous. Here, we propose a parameterization based on Householder transformations, which remove the rotational symmetry of the ","authors_text":"Nils Bertschinger, Rajbir S. Nirwan","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","title":"Rotation Invariant Householder Parameterization for Bayesian PCA"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:698edd9c8ec82f1a222234eda6c1b089f11e1a53ff55fcfbf8f93f0e7d82c42b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a81376fa3ae100d99d45cd9e97ab68ff8b0213620aab1c0c4225cb0f60bd8a72","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2019-05-12T13:19:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6071efc5fad9821ecd1a198bde2ba1f8464f94cb341bd61376bd8a5fc4ddb72"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.04720","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8f577c6cb6cf9dc5612225f16e5c3ee67d7f76ea83c75d99781391a2a94b0481","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8f577c6cb6cf9dc5612225f16e5c3ee67d7f76ea83c75d99781391a2a94b0481","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.789408Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.789408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TEYSUSo2rn8gLcJdOpTsbvDSynWbVZ43eQJQeLugd8aZKsjuWfQma7xsKxRhzvCupGLUx7uZJoJt0+coP0CKAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:23.790069Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.04720","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:698edd9c8ec82f1a222234eda6c1b089f11e1a53ff55fcfbf8f93f0e7d82c42b","sha256:482e1b3bec3d43b17235490c8c7646b40b9035b3724a024349572fc91cdc84ff"],"state_sha256":"346db4bd94eb9fb2172803a39ad36f1fd6a91c46728dbf467dc37233654714a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e+vVxr7i0Q+seEHPeHRwBGrJEtfn7bpxpdqSb/wD6IbgR3X5zoc+Magv7Q39VQLa7s4nYs+JFkcW7ErA9Le4Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T06:34:17.120373Z","bundle_sha256":"83812e59723a8c66830b8135df8ce0bf57f01c753e7b62bc346e2dd0ecead7a2"}}