{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ","short_pith_number":"pith:R64TA4XR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4110834f2ff030f9a95a181e1f68a1618154c113bc1d0105d31a2033c04aade8","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a5f27dff37be26794346a8031484647ab1b85f7f2b40e7453b0479693787f24"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fb93072f116f428a4aa447b063f9644171a4e1fb1547be84fc5cf681c2a801a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.2119","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.2119","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.2119v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.2119","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R64TA4XRC32C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R64TA4XRC32CRJFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R64TA4XR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4110834f2ff030f9a95a181e1f68a1618154c113bc1d0105d31a2033c04aade8","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a5f27dff37be26794346a8031484647ab1b85f7f2b40e7453b0479693787f24"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fb93072f116f428a4aa447b063f9644171a4e1fb1547be84fc5cf681c2a801a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.255499Z","signature_b64":"DmiKRw1PEh7JLri7gWObf/Ouqht+9UMyTHOyxateR8p/n3b3hjf2qPXGHsrL6nvT/FKH6Wwr9cNTj2pGtSopBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8fb93072f116f428a4aa447b063f9644171a4e1fb1547be84fc5cf681c2a801a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.254786Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.254786Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.2119","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h45vRXNJDMOWHCiHCX7XkoycRRDveqdcRtDJkrws8A5MEPSWQUe/ZrIA16zdNMrepmfkCkRuQspbgSWm+ftQDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:46:40.558711Z"},"content_sha256":"143fbf2cf15d0598149c8e0197e38789d8d547a7c636a93c6f500df9d98306fe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:143fbf2cf15d0598149c8e0197e38789d8d547a7c636a93c6f500df9d98306fe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Policy-based reserves for power systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Joseph Warrington, Manfred Morari, Paul Goulart, Sebastien Mariethoz","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces the concept of affine reserve policies for accommodating large, fluctuating renewable infeeds in power systems. The approach uses robust optimization with recourse to determine operating rules for power system entities such as generators and storage units. These rules, or policies, establish several hours in advance how these entities are to respond to errors in the prediction of loads and renewable infeeds once their values are discovered. Affine policies consist of a nominal power schedule plus a series of planned linear modifications that depend on the prediction error"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8tcANHIrn3JxOhOIJG1my9S3P3MGQv/RdF33OCnaEeRQdWCpYZxIeaayXSCjRCBp+v/BH/2DtZ2SGBwKhsZRBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:46:40.559362Z"},"content_sha256":"e205919eb65b018d23b061b77f97e26793ef7988b8c5df778cb256386bc05c50","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e205919eb65b018d23b061b77f97e26793ef7988b8c5df778cb256386bc05c50"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T15:46:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:R64TA4XRC32CRJFKIR5QMP4WIQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a5f27dff37be26794346a8031484647ab1b85f7f2b40e7453b0479693787f24","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"4110834f2ff030f9a95a181e1f68a1618154c113bc1d0105d31a2033c04aade8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.2119","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.2119v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.2119","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R64TA4XRC32C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R64TA4XRC32CRJFK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R64TA4XR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e205919eb65b018d23b061b77f97e26793ef7988b8c5df778cb256386bc05c50","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces the concept of affine reserve policies for accommodating large, fluctuating renewable infeeds in power systems. The approach uses robust optimization with recourse to determine operating rules for power system entities such as generators and storage units. These rules, or policies, establish several hours in advance how these entities are to respond to errors in the prediction of loads and renewable infeeds once their values are discovered. Affine policies consist of a nominal power schedule plus a series of planned linear modifications that depend on the prediction error","authors_text":"Joseph Warrington, Manfred Morari, Paul Goulart, Sebastien Mariethoz","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","title":"Policy-based reserves for power systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:143fbf2cf15d0598149c8e0197e38789d8d547a7c636a93c6f500df9d98306fe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a5f27dff37be26794346a8031484647ab1b85f7f2b40e7453b0479693787f24","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2012-12-10T16:28:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"4110834f2ff030f9a95a181e1f68a1618154c113bc1d0105d31a2033c04aade8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.2119","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8fb93072f116f428a4aa447b063f9644171a4e1fb1547be84fc5cf681c2a801a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8fb93072f116f428a4aa447b063f9644171a4e1fb1547be84fc5cf681c2a801a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.254786Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.254786Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DmiKRw1PEh7JLri7gWObf/Ouqht+9UMyTHOyxateR8p/n3b3hjf2qPXGHsrL6nvT/FKH6Wwr9cNTj2pGtSopBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:18:40.255499Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.2119","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:143fbf2cf15d0598149c8e0197e38789d8d547a7c636a93c6f500df9d98306fe","sha256:e205919eb65b018d23b061b77f97e26793ef7988b8c5df778cb256386bc05c50"],"state_sha256":"82e5aa55287eb47ffb0b42f56aaa5773ed40d554287d61e304b64a5205f64c41"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5DfLxfcUZhMmBA0vYfFdTyvBi2sDd71vl8+aFkJw7+JrGH3A4cEbMUCnnCFr04BB3sgJELRkOWeDsrdER3vFDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:46:40.562147Z","bundle_sha256":"855f13ec0bcdd0620edcd74474cf472b680064881c81c7962279921b2c7d5d15"}}