{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC","short_pith_number":"pith:R6FX2PUU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42ab69a76ed37c9a79067e13f3c361b58f9e4702013dd348b12fc6c385bf1145","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b181080fa093a14f26044ccd4dea3214fd35cbb1e10fa27ede3133b14a40013"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8f8b7d3e949da79bdf5a9c607352b2b891ac01f93156f3f8b25d4979c7b73586","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.12540","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.12540","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.12540v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.12540","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R6FX2PUUTWTZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R6FX2PUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42ab69a76ed37c9a79067e13f3c361b58f9e4702013dd348b12fc6c385bf1145","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b181080fa093a14f26044ccd4dea3214fd35cbb1e10fa27ede3133b14a40013"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8f8b7d3e949da79bdf5a9c607352b2b891ac01f93156f3f8b25d4979c7b73586","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585556Z","signature_b64":"mx6n6O5YnV9L9Jm3dOJhXqf+desJVIrk6g9zufdj12m/lUuxMgSYwedm04HxI/wD/nncQFs0OjUdR8UOZ+97Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8f8b7d3e949da79bdf5a9c607352b2b891ac01f93156f3f8b25d4979c7b73586","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585046Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.12540","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"orBo8aJa0eQUnF6vM1Ti1bLfMbF+LBfOzHlJKSpFrnWD4RmvIVGFsLQgXVX8+5iCPR37HidjmOgv0EPwBCFRAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:26:43.317769Z"},"content_sha256":"8736091bf1c912a307ebadf4d4ffe0bd9be0b2ed620e0ff309a699d697ef095a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8736091bf1c912a307ebadf4d4ffe0bd9be0b2ed620e0ff309a699d697ef095a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"EntityCS: Improving Zero-Shot Cross-lingual Transfer with Entity-Centric Code Switching","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenxi Whitehouse, Fenia Christopoulou, Ignacio Iacobacci","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data augmentation method that offers language alignment at the word- or phrase-level, in contrast to sentence-level via parallel instances. Existing approaches either use dictionaries or parallel sentences with word alignment to generate CS data by randomly switching words in a sentence. However, such methods can be suboptimal as dictionaries disregard semantics, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.12540/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ul+9h1cZrmME+C3dO1Axw3IGHUw8w5in23hCvvTI4tW6U4eF7ClCRpmQeZYjAsjVqo6DGXy8GGti2OnSUtwrDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:26:43.318138Z"},"content_sha256":"02fbb74b13980862e7189f843ba15d90ad4616b6982aa0e014305a604a3219c9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:02fbb74b13980862e7189f843ba15d90ad4616b6982aa0e014305a604a3219c9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T12:26:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22TRQHGUVSXC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b181080fa093a14f26044ccd4dea3214fd35cbb1e10fa27ede3133b14a40013","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"42ab69a76ed37c9a79067e13f3c361b58f9e4702013dd348b12fc6c385bf1145"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.12540","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.12540v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.12540","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R6FX2PUUTWTZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R6FX2PUUTWTZXX22","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R6FX2PUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:02fbb74b13980862e7189f843ba15d90ad4616b6982aa0e014305a604a3219c9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.12540/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data augmentation method that offers language alignment at the word- or phrase-level, in contrast to sentence-level via parallel instances. Existing approaches either use dictionaries or parallel sentences with word alignment to generate CS data by randomly switching words in a sentence. However, such methods can be suboptimal as dictionaries disregard semantics, ","authors_text":"Chenxi Whitehouse, Fenia Christopoulou, Ignacio Iacobacci","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","title":"EntityCS: Improving Zero-Shot Cross-lingual Transfer with Entity-Centric Code Switching"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8736091bf1c912a307ebadf4d4ffe0bd9be0b2ed620e0ff309a699d697ef095a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b181080fa093a14f26044ccd4dea3214fd35cbb1e10fa27ede3133b14a40013","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-22T20:05:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"42ab69a76ed37c9a79067e13f3c361b58f9e4702013dd348b12fc6c385bf1145"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.12540","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8f8b7d3e949da79bdf5a9c607352b2b891ac01f93156f3f8b25d4979c7b73586","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8f8b7d3e949da79bdf5a9c607352b2b891ac01f93156f3f8b25d4979c7b73586","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585046Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mx6n6O5YnV9L9Jm3dOJhXqf+desJVIrk6g9zufdj12m/lUuxMgSYwedm04HxI/wD/nncQFs0OjUdR8UOZ+97Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:40:50.585556Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.12540","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8736091bf1c912a307ebadf4d4ffe0bd9be0b2ed620e0ff309a699d697ef095a","sha256:02fbb74b13980862e7189f843ba15d90ad4616b6982aa0e014305a604a3219c9"],"state_sha256":"bda62dd1063e3dcfe3c8ccb27aac3d3cd5ba99a46db237ee03f641e827ae44b2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Va2Wj3KU38KxYz00yaPNel/X39s+cKddEZvu75vf7kiVlByBWAkK7OM/qIlgII6euXahYrFAa+iQn2lqsvvICA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:26:43.320003Z","bundle_sha256":"7762b7c5b544033e21e3f983b4b32e80ebb61e0607511d419ae6d1abe901025b"}}