{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5","short_pith_number":"pith:R7ATWT7F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f4c4807a1b4cb54f2e62630433e3e772dcc40221a8228796c23e854af25ed6c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff6bbd5a3fccfda8e3e5e86aa98a7f94c090bca658d6b7e11586b0c76ccb3b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fc13b4fe56ac111afd29973ab58ff27422dce96dadfee9f5e70f3c6b576569b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.12564","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.12564","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.12564v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.12564","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R7ATWT7FNLAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R7ATWT7FNLARDL6S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R7ATWT7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f4c4807a1b4cb54f2e62630433e3e772dcc40221a8228796c23e854af25ed6c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff6bbd5a3fccfda8e3e5e86aa98a7f94c090bca658d6b7e11586b0c76ccb3b5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fc13b4fe56ac111afd29973ab58ff27422dce96dadfee9f5e70f3c6b576569b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359602Z","signature_b64":"lzXJoVabAAFXNB4b26bURBV4dDxLCwUXl1/FnnbegAlqle4hXpuYEDLShw04ZEukpiznOrBPgolPpo98sUhwDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8fc13b4fe56ac111afd29973ab58ff27422dce96dadfee9f5e70f3c6b576569b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359109Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2401.12564","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eYZy/4cztLL5Gt/6VNN3yVxfZeIkkt9eRgO5J+rVIHvaJa7hXivzB5oAoC4JRGaeMX+DBZVFMTmkbUwP3UDEAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T20:16:50.722066Z"},"content_sha256":"f90e401569fe22387e1bbca0ac7eb091e8ef79602d2a167840141d99ec88f259","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f90e401569fe22387e1bbca0ac7eb091e8ef79602d2a167840141d99ec88f259"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Graph Contrastive Invariant Learning from the Causal Perspective","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chuan Shi, Shaohua Fan, Xiao Wang, Yanhu Mo","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Graph contrastive learning (GCL), learning the node representation by contrasting two augmented graphs in a self-supervised way, has attracted considerable attention. GCL is usually believed to learn the invariant representation. However, does this understanding always hold in practice? In this paper, we first study GCL from the perspective of causality. By analyzing GCL with the structural causal model (SCM), we discover that traditional GCL may not well learn the invariant representations due to the non-causal information contained in the graph. How can we fix it and encourage the current GC"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.12564/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1RIeaROz4EUiZj0ypmvCfysb2usTknfib0snopd56ukvM7haib0U541sJDDZLAVwvmI40dTz+rKwzM5z/QRWDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T20:16:50.722444Z"},"content_sha256":"7e2dc71775696cd26d00a138fe4e66a1fa666adc06fcee1d2b36df21ea18d36c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7e2dc71775696cd26d00a138fe4e66a1fa666adc06fcee1d2b36df21ea18d36c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T20:16:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:R7ATWT7FNLARDL6STFZ2WWH7E5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff6bbd5a3fccfda8e3e5e86aa98a7f94c090bca658d6b7e11586b0c76ccb3b5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f4c4807a1b4cb54f2e62630433e3e772dcc40221a8228796c23e854af25ed6c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.12564","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.12564v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.12564","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R7ATWT7FNLAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R7ATWT7FNLARDL6S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R7ATWT7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7e2dc71775696cd26d00a138fe4e66a1fa666adc06fcee1d2b36df21ea18d36c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.12564/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Graph contrastive learning (GCL), learning the node representation by contrasting two augmented graphs in a self-supervised way, has attracted considerable attention. GCL is usually believed to learn the invariant representation. However, does this understanding always hold in practice? In this paper, we first study GCL from the perspective of causality. By analyzing GCL with the structural causal model (SCM), we discover that traditional GCL may not well learn the invariant representations due to the non-causal information contained in the graph. How can we fix it and encourage the current GC","authors_text":"Chuan Shi, Shaohua Fan, Xiao Wang, Yanhu Mo","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","title":"Graph Contrastive Invariant Learning from the Causal Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f90e401569fe22387e1bbca0ac7eb091e8ef79602d2a167840141d99ec88f259","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff6bbd5a3fccfda8e3e5e86aa98a7f94c090bca658d6b7e11586b0c76ccb3b5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-01-23T08:47:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f4c4807a1b4cb54f2e62630433e3e772dcc40221a8228796c23e854af25ed6c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"8fc13b4fe56ac111afd29973ab58ff27422dce96dadfee9f5e70f3c6b576569b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8fc13b4fe56ac111afd29973ab58ff27422dce96dadfee9f5e70f3c6b576569b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359109Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359109Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lzXJoVabAAFXNB4b26bURBV4dDxLCwUXl1/FnnbegAlqle4hXpuYEDLShw04ZEukpiznOrBPgolPpo98sUhwDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:53:14.359602Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.12564","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f90e401569fe22387e1bbca0ac7eb091e8ef79602d2a167840141d99ec88f259","sha256:7e2dc71775696cd26d00a138fe4e66a1fa666adc06fcee1d2b36df21ea18d36c"],"state_sha256":"5a394a711304c6e5eb908d67bae8f3f6a3c496b15f5b03deffb73bf7e92a21ad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J4ir9fm99sHQpovPh4feD3oiHF3TME5gviCLLpQfAkf4b39LOrbBLuyqoUfVwZ8Vjj0ti3QPv8g7VKqvmhJKAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T20:16:50.724330Z","bundle_sha256":"5b8f9b87843ae2737be4a29a3e32acbccaafa9245318f6837ba920aa6f6f9a0a"}}