{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6","short_pith_number":"pith:R7G3UMY2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"74c1b66d3af948529f73d928a8f10a2ddb0c9f0e4fd24f864cdd162291dc6aef","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7289a34f0c3553bd60ac53fa302bb5244926f7af65b2556449dd9535cfe12c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fcdba331ad5948813044ffe1e1e5c8fb33a1ed66a0b20d174bc057f9abab472","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.06917","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.06917","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.06917v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.06917","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R7G3UMY22WKI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R7G3UMY22WKIQEYE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R7G3UMY2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"74c1b66d3af948529f73d928a8f10a2ddb0c9f0e4fd24f864cdd162291dc6aef","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7289a34f0c3553bd60ac53fa302bb5244926f7af65b2556449dd9535cfe12c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8fcdba331ad5948813044ffe1e1e5c8fb33a1ed66a0b20d174bc057f9abab472","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.370206Z","signature_b64":"h93ZMyMqxmMl+EDId/aCOaltD2YfCva+R66j7zSqFHAN23j4DeOu7YhAV+f0iFFU/7Cm6sICeztoe/lvwiTxCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8fcdba331ad5948813044ffe1e1e5c8fb33a1ed66a0b20d174bc057f9abab472","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.369347Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.369347Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1704.06917","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xHjEKEOqOTcK6BDMr+gyn5CYb1VGGax+AYCt5l0Std1g9JnqVClY596ojvCtnt+eMXFet2LXfTn5MnrfPXmwAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:27:35.665151Z"},"content_sha256":"72a8cca928f9d8d44b7275eae54479ddc3add4f6365da792957879afd0019901","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:72a8cca928f9d8d44b7275eae54479ddc3add4f6365da792957879afd0019901"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Identify Critical Branches with Cascading Failure Chain Statistics and Hypertext-Induced Topic Search Algorithm","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SY","authors_text":"Chao Luo, Jun Yang","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"An effective way to suppress the cascading failure risk is the branch capacity upgrade, whose optimal decision making, however, may incur high computational burden. A practical way is to find out some critical branches as the candidates in advance. This paper proposes a simulation data oriented approach to identify the critical branches with higher importance in cascading failure propagation. First, a concept of cascading failure chain (CFC) is introduced and numerous samples of CFC are generated with an AC power flow based cascading failure simulator. Then, a directed weighted graph is constr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DUbG96RU/Tjf6qP7v3a46OsPoWbHX4XEzdTEQKSJfqtmps1jt1kvemlHbG+6Xni4r80Jk7p8HXdoLvhJ2NtjDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:27:35.665515Z"},"content_sha256":"43fb20e48e1f49f924b032564d22c50e55e49562e2db0c6e08233a63627770ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43fb20e48e1f49f924b032564d22c50e55e49562e2db0c6e08233a63627770ab"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T08:27:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:R7G3UMY22WKIQEYEJ77B4HS4R6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7289a34f0c3553bd60ac53fa302bb5244926f7af65b2556449dd9535cfe12c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"74c1b66d3af948529f73d928a8f10a2ddb0c9f0e4fd24f864cdd162291dc6aef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.06917","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.06917v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.06917","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R7G3UMY22WKI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R7G3UMY22WKIQEYE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R7G3UMY2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:43fb20e48e1f49f924b032564d22c50e55e49562e2db0c6e08233a63627770ab","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"An effective way to suppress the cascading failure risk is the branch capacity upgrade, whose optimal decision making, however, may incur high computational burden. A practical way is to find out some critical branches as the candidates in advance. This paper proposes a simulation data oriented approach to identify the critical branches with higher importance in cascading failure propagation. First, a concept of cascading failure chain (CFC) is introduced and numerous samples of CFC are generated with an AC power flow based cascading failure simulator. Then, a directed weighted graph is constr","authors_text":"Chao Luo, Jun Yang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","title":"Identify Critical Branches with Cascading Failure Chain Statistics and Hypertext-Induced Topic Search Algorithm"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:72a8cca928f9d8d44b7275eae54479ddc3add4f6365da792957879afd0019901","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7289a34f0c3553bd60ac53fa302bb5244926f7af65b2556449dd9535cfe12c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2017-04-23T12:22:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"74c1b66d3af948529f73d928a8f10a2ddb0c9f0e4fd24f864cdd162291dc6aef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8fcdba331ad5948813044ffe1e1e5c8fb33a1ed66a0b20d174bc057f9abab472","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8fcdba331ad5948813044ffe1e1e5c8fb33a1ed66a0b20d174bc057f9abab472","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.369347Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.369347Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h93ZMyMqxmMl+EDId/aCOaltD2YfCva+R66j7zSqFHAN23j4DeOu7YhAV+f0iFFU/7Cm6sICeztoe/lvwiTxCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:55.370206Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1704.06917","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:72a8cca928f9d8d44b7275eae54479ddc3add4f6365da792957879afd0019901","sha256:43fb20e48e1f49f924b032564d22c50e55e49562e2db0c6e08233a63627770ab"],"state_sha256":"aeb586cb851d0c3b642f200bafeaa89fb1972ff157ccf47c60bab7dd3dc75a8c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6qIS1shu4gIHZQb5Rd2fG2EozjkdFW+KpuI4TIN3JtpP/GLw9JTbW1+/Ej0p7XrIEREqPxRSRjLVJL/oAZ8XDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:27:35.667498Z","bundle_sha256":"8329da197fe20e327131cdeaeb15ecf6e28d09095602460cd57eae4795068039"}}