{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y","short_pith_number":"pith:RDRMBTJB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4a2a5f28a6367fdf1980a70a8be3076ba37fa814f2c0828084319780cff1310e","abstract_canon_sha256":"701868ed00b5ae4eb1ae615284618a122eb76db195e49efd6dfdb15e7fc14a2b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88e2c0cd21ac58ef21823a72e3d10fe61c472abc6fa75a4d5f6091c90782c495","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.04476","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04476","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04476v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04476","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDRMBTJBVRMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDRMBTJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4a2a5f28a6367fdf1980a70a8be3076ba37fa814f2c0828084319780cff1310e","abstract_canon_sha256":"701868ed00b5ae4eb1ae615284618a122eb76db195e49efd6dfdb15e7fc14a2b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88e2c0cd21ac58ef21823a72e3d10fe61c472abc6fa75a4d5f6091c90782c495","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.941472Z","signature_b64":"mVtdzWIma0MuvL6wjMrOnYh6XlT3+HVkGmf+dBKjcKCbQQiQfiHQfDUv9z0jlNGHSiC8ZRMX7wfGZ8ljdtfGDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"88e2c0cd21ac58ef21823a72e3d10fe61c472abc6fa75a4d5f6091c90782c495","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.940925Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.940925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.04476","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bXGEzBR0N1dlmCV3ZtFfcYXSD8B9EjmGaa9AaZkn1eLD9gbUgkEtl9mxPvBj5rLm0/ATdLGyBQdYO0BalmxLBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.891172Z"},"content_sha256":"b6350ca078a5256050f08de40a51aee217a9e46e2de5f1682efb04b3daaf13ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b6350ca078a5256050f08de40a51aee217a9e46e2de5f1682efb04b3daaf13ed"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Structural Cohesion: Visualization and Heuristics for Fast Computation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Fabrizio Ferraro, Jordi Torrents","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"The structural cohesion model is a powerful theoretical conception of cohesion in social groups, but its diffusion in empirical literature has been hampered by operationalization and computational problems. In this paper we start from the classic definition of structural cohesion as the minimum number of actors who need to be removed in a network in order to disconnect it, and extend it by using average node connectivity as a finer grained measure of cohesion. We present useful heuristics for computing structural cohesion that allow a speed-up of one order of magnitude over the algorithms curr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3y4etHkUKoWriK7iRlp+HzJe9WK+AZ8iF+hoLnMbeiHY3QW7m4bgHxiE9vitgubq9uYK9UjWRp0gFoDrbIhHCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.891520Z"},"content_sha256":"6f9ddeb46a0504aabb2c2237d5631344123836e880a25a2ed25eb565a68e1cdb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6f9ddeb46a0504aabb2c2237d5631344123836e880a25a2ed25eb565a68e1cdb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMCHJZOHUIP4Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"701868ed00b5ae4eb1ae615284618a122eb76db195e49efd6dfdb15e7fc14a2b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"4a2a5f28a6367fdf1980a70a8be3076ba37fa814f2c0828084319780cff1310e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04476","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04476v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04476","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDRMBTJBVRMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDRMBTJBVRMO6IMC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDRMBTJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6f9ddeb46a0504aabb2c2237d5631344123836e880a25a2ed25eb565a68e1cdb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The structural cohesion model is a powerful theoretical conception of cohesion in social groups, but its diffusion in empirical literature has been hampered by operationalization and computational problems. In this paper we start from the classic definition of structural cohesion as the minimum number of actors who need to be removed in a network in order to disconnect it, and extend it by using average node connectivity as a finer grained measure of cohesion. We present useful heuristics for computing structural cohesion that allow a speed-up of one order of magnitude over the algorithms curr","authors_text":"Fabrizio Ferraro, Jordi Torrents","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","title":"Structural Cohesion: Visualization and Heuristics for Fast Computation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b6350ca078a5256050f08de40a51aee217a9e46e2de5f1682efb04b3daaf13ed","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"701868ed00b5ae4eb1ae615284618a122eb76db195e49efd6dfdb15e7fc14a2b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-03-15T21:25:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"4a2a5f28a6367fdf1980a70a8be3076ba37fa814f2c0828084319780cff1310e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04476","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"88e2c0cd21ac58ef21823a72e3d10fe61c472abc6fa75a4d5f6091c90782c495","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"88e2c0cd21ac58ef21823a72e3d10fe61c472abc6fa75a4d5f6091c90782c495","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.940925Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.940925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mVtdzWIma0MuvL6wjMrOnYh6XlT3+HVkGmf+dBKjcKCbQQiQfiHQfDUv9z0jlNGHSiC8ZRMX7wfGZ8ljdtfGDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:23:24.941472Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.04476","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b6350ca078a5256050f08de40a51aee217a9e46e2de5f1682efb04b3daaf13ed","sha256:6f9ddeb46a0504aabb2c2237d5631344123836e880a25a2ed25eb565a68e1cdb"],"state_sha256":"6b467eaa81771863fff9bcda42acc9568674c66da3f83e9a7534ddd3e5d2eaf5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B8b1T5jZH3fqD6G7C6RgcEE1yjNdoDLgYZVk5kznArXemnJcvHxN34kKBiORTUcMdDPsRGFBiz1Uelo/gsPcDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:11.893410Z","bundle_sha256":"59611ac18ee0e6d7cefe67853cf034465f7a5f206f34ac612a9a23f378ca92b0"}}