{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN","short_pith_number":"pith:RDUH74ZT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5fe6301280cd1007b9129b3ca039c54d58b6670a8e421fd826a0a0c1b83acf67","abstract_canon_sha256":"669a326d68ea7103585070f30d3d7bf8b77bc3965970d8a9ab3e70ed01714dbb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88e87ff333cd82c357d409882118c20b5bf58a2d1b698c33e3fc248140f37d1e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.21223","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21223","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21223v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21223","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDUH74ZTZWBM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6U","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDUH74ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5fe6301280cd1007b9129b3ca039c54d58b6670a8e421fd826a0a0c1b83acf67","abstract_canon_sha256":"669a326d68ea7103585070f30d3d7bf8b77bc3965970d8a9ab3e70ed01714dbb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88e87ff333cd82c357d409882118c20b5bf58a2d1b698c33e3fc248140f37d1e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.890158Z","signature_b64":"h2eNY8VnHnT5RDjGRbc1ZP9dSuJ1dE7KToKdPZOMCOQI0dcm6vXaT67l4DVxiSHjamkYrCEphCWeweTkkk+FBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"88e87ff333cd82c357d409882118c20b5bf58a2d1b698c33e3fc248140f37d1e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.889644Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.889644Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.21223","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WnT3U8990BHurX/W7uz7oah0ej9senP8aqnj0R7uDAEzdleO1i5TE8dMolTVda2+honELgBG4JcVonoleSmbCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:08:38.079667Z"},"content_sha256":"e7258d9aa689cb0bffd8e5014a523ef321d4f7cf69c2ba0d3211c3cf70b9c0a5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7258d9aa689cb0bffd8e5014a523ef321d4f7cf69c2ba0d3211c3cf70b9c0a5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Simulations of the churning mode: toroidally symmetric plasma convection and turbulence around the X-points in a snowflake divertor","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"D Power, M V Umansky, V A Soukhanovskii","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using a reduced MHD model, extended to include field-aligned thermal conduction, we present numerical simulations of the churning mode (CM): a toroidally symmetric, non-linear plasma vortex in the vicinity of the null points in a snowflake (SF) divertor (Ryutov et al., Phys. Scr. 89 088002, 2014). Simulations are carried out across a range of inter-null separations, $d_{xx}$, and inter-null orientations, $\\theta$, primarily in conditions relevant to the MAST-U tokamak. We find that, when $d_{xx}$ is small, the CM induces additional transport across the X-points when $\\beta_{pm} \\gtrsim 8$ %, w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21223/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m6qgaJFZe6vjcS75TswH5GxKeD/9Oz5PRCZgy/REogh4BrMaAc1vd2DEpzqU5CaTjG/WTD7y2AUa3EobOcLuBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:08:38.080213Z"},"content_sha256":"2a5b29fe2c3ff6aec27d168a9c34ef31cacd3f4455692ff55299dbdb065fc60b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2a5b29fe2c3ff6aec27d168a9c34ef31cacd3f4455692ff55299dbdb065fc60b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T12:08:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6UBGECCGGCBN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"669a326d68ea7103585070f30d3d7bf8b77bc3965970d8a9ab3e70ed01714dbb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"5fe6301280cd1007b9129b3ca039c54d58b6670a8e421fd826a0a0c1b83acf67"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.21223","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.21223v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.21223","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDUH74ZTZWBM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDUH74ZTZWBMGV6U","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDUH74ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2a5b29fe2c3ff6aec27d168a9c34ef31cacd3f4455692ff55299dbdb065fc60b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.21223/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using a reduced MHD model, extended to include field-aligned thermal conduction, we present numerical simulations of the churning mode (CM): a toroidally symmetric, non-linear plasma vortex in the vicinity of the null points in a snowflake (SF) divertor (Ryutov et al., Phys. Scr. 89 088002, 2014). Simulations are carried out across a range of inter-null separations, $d_{xx}$, and inter-null orientations, $\\theta$, primarily in conditions relevant to the MAST-U tokamak. We find that, when $d_{xx}$ is small, the CM induces additional transport across the X-points when $\\beta_{pm} \\gtrsim 8$ %, w","authors_text":"D Power, M V Umansky, V A Soukhanovskii","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","title":"Simulations of the churning mode: toroidally symmetric plasma convection and turbulence around the X-points in a snowflake divertor"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e7258d9aa689cb0bffd8e5014a523ef321d4f7cf69c2ba0d3211c3cf70b9c0a5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"669a326d68ea7103585070f30d3d7bf8b77bc3965970d8a9ab3e70ed01714dbb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2025-05-27T14:10:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"5fe6301280cd1007b9129b3ca039c54d58b6670a8e421fd826a0a0c1b83acf67"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.21223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"88e87ff333cd82c357d409882118c20b5bf58a2d1b698c33e3fc248140f37d1e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"88e87ff333cd82c357d409882118c20b5bf58a2d1b698c33e3fc248140f37d1e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.889644Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.889644Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h2eNY8VnHnT5RDjGRbc1ZP9dSuJ1dE7KToKdPZOMCOQI0dcm6vXaT67l4DVxiSHjamkYrCEphCWeweTkkk+FBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:10:38.890158Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.21223","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e7258d9aa689cb0bffd8e5014a523ef321d4f7cf69c2ba0d3211c3cf70b9c0a5","sha256:2a5b29fe2c3ff6aec27d168a9c34ef31cacd3f4455692ff55299dbdb065fc60b"],"state_sha256":"fd774fba617fb5cfd177dae5cb9c2283b7c98121c18fa40523f50e4e8435c516"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BKIn71DzZ+n2xIbdq2vznoZGTbrkTWYclEfHGTL54tNZf4zH1wFHHJ9uwLFX9XisFhfP+rYDl6Z3XtMcc/CKAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:08:38.084416Z","bundle_sha256":"60c5d5fbe94784a65b7be8444563f804982112266edbef14170da0234998e012"}}