{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO","short_pith_number":"pith:RE6GCSCN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b43bf2aacb515c1ee1c0cbff0acd7fc255a1d2bcdca51a4b842bc2f3bf41305f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fefc7c54308ae418c32f51558a29465fa5376d19ad277e783843ef7148bef2b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"893c61484d67ead3fd7e2cfb59becf93b4873645280f06cea7c179de27196398","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.07325","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.07325","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.07325v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.07325","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RE6GCSCNM7VN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RE6GCSCN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b43bf2aacb515c1ee1c0cbff0acd7fc255a1d2bcdca51a4b842bc2f3bf41305f","abstract_canon_sha256":"fefc7c54308ae418c32f51558a29465fa5376d19ad277e783843ef7148bef2b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"893c61484d67ead3fd7e2cfb59becf93b4873645280f06cea7c179de27196398","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.608509Z","signature_b64":"FrtjMepWMn0VYdtYyJj2NgAsUI4hkVg0jEUL0c0WU+MDS+CxT7WbyDzYeoq7xXoBzE/aEGfs6+zzu/q3skuFAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"893c61484d67ead3fd7e2cfb59becf93b4873645280f06cea7c179de27196398","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.607912Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.607912Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.07325","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ckOjqfOur/H9Qu9uC2jeEPFxQ9IjtFQLu6e2Hyq0m+hji7kpGeFZctDYacYI/HqT9tW9R3Cdou+yK28Tq1WvDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:51:36.907482Z"},"content_sha256":"275d65f42fd416495b5922da51bbbe8ba613903f650f9a6032150773cf3389d1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:275d65f42fd416495b5922da51bbbe8ba613903f650f9a6032150773cf3389d1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterizing the Variability in Face Recognition Accuracy Relative to Race","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Kevin Bowyer, KS Krishnapriya, Kushal Vangara, Michael C. King, Vitor Albiero","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many recent news headlines have labeled face recognition technology as biased or racist. We report on a methodical investigation into differences in face recognition accuracy between African-American and Caucasian image cohorts of the MORPH dataset. We find that, for all four matchers considered, the impostor and the genuine distributions are statistically significantly different between cohorts. For a fixed decision threshold, the African-American image cohort has a higher false match rate and a lower false non-match rate. ROC curves compare verification rates at the same false match rate, bu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gDXbscJ8Jp8rXZcXmHYkgckNsv+4erwsY6iiDdg9V4IU5CMEyN8XJwSYPlD0c+fEBM3Tu3YqyiDljMZRho6oBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:51:36.907836Z"},"content_sha256":"c844380ee15e4a36188b35fde58a06949d5f071055f600824d013faeee4ec10c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c844380ee15e4a36188b35fde58a06949d5f071055f600824d013faeee4ec10c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T06:51:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6FT5VTPWPSO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fefc7c54308ae418c32f51558a29465fa5376d19ad277e783843ef7148bef2b4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"b43bf2aacb515c1ee1c0cbff0acd7fc255a1d2bcdca51a4b842bc2f3bf41305f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.07325","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.07325v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.07325","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RE6GCSCNM7VN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RE6GCSCNM7VNH7L6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RE6GCSCN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c844380ee15e4a36188b35fde58a06949d5f071055f600824d013faeee4ec10c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many recent news headlines have labeled face recognition technology as biased or racist. We report on a methodical investigation into differences in face recognition accuracy between African-American and Caucasian image cohorts of the MORPH dataset. We find that, for all four matchers considered, the impostor and the genuine distributions are statistically significantly different between cohorts. For a fixed decision threshold, the African-American image cohort has a higher false match rate and a lower false non-match rate. ROC curves compare verification rates at the same false match rate, bu","authors_text":"Kevin Bowyer, KS Krishnapriya, Kushal Vangara, Michael C. King, Vitor Albiero","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","title":"Characterizing the Variability in Face Recognition Accuracy Relative to Race"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:275d65f42fd416495b5922da51bbbe8ba613903f650f9a6032150773cf3389d1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fefc7c54308ae418c32f51558a29465fa5376d19ad277e783843ef7148bef2b4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2019-04-15T20:46:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"b43bf2aacb515c1ee1c0cbff0acd7fc255a1d2bcdca51a4b842bc2f3bf41305f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.07325","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"893c61484d67ead3fd7e2cfb59becf93b4873645280f06cea7c179de27196398","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"893c61484d67ead3fd7e2cfb59becf93b4873645280f06cea7c179de27196398","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.607912Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.607912Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FrtjMepWMn0VYdtYyJj2NgAsUI4hkVg0jEUL0c0WU+MDS+CxT7WbyDzYeoq7xXoBzE/aEGfs6+zzu/q3skuFAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:45.608509Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.07325","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:275d65f42fd416495b5922da51bbbe8ba613903f650f9a6032150773cf3389d1","sha256:c844380ee15e4a36188b35fde58a06949d5f071055f600824d013faeee4ec10c"],"state_sha256":"e65acb4fc37d10f0730e45f5419a68f4439ec83cfacfaf664b276391f5d7d37e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3YcXRYbB91tEdrCl4lSIkKUK1qLAAwO4NfWudKv9Ypn6DPptQCHbhv4zbuaaGsnqdgq5gEJ87aTNqfzrP6p9Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:51:36.910652Z","bundle_sha256":"1d2c38455404a542577ed34f6a5dd831c90a861ecc5d0cf3599b875b762a2d7c"}}