{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ","short_pith_number":"pith:RERXRGFZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96b1130a868ddb28bd7977d649b084000b18e26a192474d1e5b3a8645c459576","abstract_canon_sha256":"e7fa96808cb0d4537ad48796dc88e4c6b38aa66491e66e3076cd0d135a40c680"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89237898b9a6b71ee9befad7fed413ca57eaad7f57973e6784323ee70ed786e0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.09442","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.09442","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.09442v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.09442","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RERXRGFZU23R","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RERXRGFZU23R52N6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RERXRGFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96b1130a868ddb28bd7977d649b084000b18e26a192474d1e5b3a8645c459576","abstract_canon_sha256":"e7fa96808cb0d4537ad48796dc88e4c6b38aa66491e66e3076cd0d135a40c680"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89237898b9a6b71ee9befad7fed413ca57eaad7f57973e6784323ee70ed786e0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622907Z","signature_b64":"/0MFCmEnfNK2Zx6aQLEmdfa+ZBEURYEY1AdsxFA8D9nrTnYblxiHEx8hRugw35eyVsRFcpWa+YdzkyypEm1gBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"89237898b9a6b71ee9befad7fed413ca57eaad7f57973e6784323ee70ed786e0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622525Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622525Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.09442","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IKpvyfNAqHZ2YK6IlL6PsRDFmvl+/Oo+lZmiEeHxbWuqclomfdZQKlYhDT7KNy2frMXndovNR/osu+c+OZANDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:57:36.215920Z"},"content_sha256":"9b3d683727ec4b5027d20528e2086ca5e1cee2de4872b677d1bf8a4f3ec804f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b3d683727ec4b5027d20528e2086ca5e1cee2de4872b677d1bf8a4f3ec804f3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Correcting Subverted Random Oracles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Alexander Russell, Hong-Sheng Zhou, Jiadong Zhu, Moti Yung, Qiang Tang","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"The random oracle methodology has proven to be a powerful tool for designing and reasoning about cryptographic schemes. In this paper, we focus on the basic problem of correcting faulty or adversarially corrupted random oracles, so that they can be confidently applied for such cryptographic purposes.\n  We prove that a simple construction can transform a \"subverted\" random oracle which disagrees with the original one at a small fraction of inputs into an object that is indifferentiable from a random function, even if the adversary is made aware of all randomness used in the transformation. Our "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.09442/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dd/9lMMRITpHtBn5s88jjFzYbI53INDupqqzBXfzhdxnkFZL3htclVZA+QM3zNNVxoywP8ZF7wPmNILAXl6VAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:57:36.216295Z"},"content_sha256":"6a9ef5389bea903796e313f94863680d8377a0099f0aa53d3f9499e866c6cd71","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6a9ef5389bea903796e313f94863680d8377a0099f0aa53d3f9499e866c6cd71"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T19:57:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RERXRGFZU23R52N67LL75VATZJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7fa96808cb0d4537ad48796dc88e4c6b38aa66491e66e3076cd0d135a40c680","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"96b1130a868ddb28bd7977d649b084000b18e26a192474d1e5b3a8645c459576"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.09442","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.09442v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.09442","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RERXRGFZU23R","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RERXRGFZU23R52N6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RERXRGFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6a9ef5389bea903796e313f94863680d8377a0099f0aa53d3f9499e866c6cd71","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.09442/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The random oracle methodology has proven to be a powerful tool for designing and reasoning about cryptographic schemes. In this paper, we focus on the basic problem of correcting faulty or adversarially corrupted random oracles, so that they can be confidently applied for such cryptographic purposes.\n  We prove that a simple construction can transform a \"subverted\" random oracle which disagrees with the original one at a small fraction of inputs into an object that is indifferentiable from a random function, even if the adversary is made aware of all randomness used in the transformation. Our ","authors_text":"Alexander Russell, Hong-Sheng Zhou, Jiadong Zhu, Moti Yung, Qiang Tang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","title":"Correcting Subverted Random Oracles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9b3d683727ec4b5027d20528e2086ca5e1cee2de4872b677d1bf8a4f3ec804f3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7fa96808cb0d4537ad48796dc88e4c6b38aa66491e66e3076cd0d135a40c680","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-04-15T04:01:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"96b1130a868ddb28bd7977d649b084000b18e26a192474d1e5b3a8645c459576"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.09442","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"89237898b9a6b71ee9befad7fed413ca57eaad7f57973e6784323ee70ed786e0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"89237898b9a6b71ee9befad7fed413ca57eaad7f57973e6784323ee70ed786e0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622525Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622525Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/0MFCmEnfNK2Zx6aQLEmdfa+ZBEURYEY1AdsxFA8D9nrTnYblxiHEx8hRugw35eyVsRFcpWa+YdzkyypEm1gBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:06.622907Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.09442","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9b3d683727ec4b5027d20528e2086ca5e1cee2de4872b677d1bf8a4f3ec804f3","sha256:6a9ef5389bea903796e313f94863680d8377a0099f0aa53d3f9499e866c6cd71"],"state_sha256":"9d9735f13fd3d613bb523d4df4ce275661e1c76e926fdf0583bd5265160d7d19"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CUdGS/7Bchgl6yYbBGQGifv2UJF0D6vvAUINwWnBrVBHgtv+XOJCgE395hDozyCEHX+Ogp5CP/6YOe9M1t22BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T19:57:36.218762Z","bundle_sha256":"13f8601b652650035e59a52ef654f32bb0615e334308102082bf67f7802972cd"}}