{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6","short_pith_number":"pith:RFFWF3FH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d61236d38e9a30f40868f550ef21a40ae1732538be29c9490f81c3764007422","abstract_canon_sha256":"2c740cabb3ecce263593d09288541288c46afa79e3db192fb7ec5c3e5f67465a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"894b62eca74a63795ba04cb133b3ffbfb51b6cd759f0dd8d7e41ad1ec1b1b62b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.07951","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.07951","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.07951v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.07951","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFFWF3FHJJRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5A","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFFWF3FH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d61236d38e9a30f40868f550ef21a40ae1732538be29c9490f81c3764007422","abstract_canon_sha256":"2c740cabb3ecce263593d09288541288c46afa79e3db192fb7ec5c3e5f67465a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"894b62eca74a63795ba04cb133b3ffbfb51b6cd759f0dd8d7e41ad1ec1b1b62b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641646Z","signature_b64":"aVkHKlVm4yWwe6ZKaf1aFofjpI4uxDg4DxLL3NlRzu+TKqxnjPcQVtEdIkPwLpQLEGmAMGYScJBzRQ8pzldjAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"894b62eca74a63795ba04cb133b3ffbfb51b6cd759f0dd8d7e41ad1ec1b1b62b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641164Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641164Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2308.07951","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rMpH28kjBtI4tAXWdXlSeISwOacRDD8at3MfxArMGYEb/SnSFCzgTIkc1c/0wzJziLdPwvv5ncJgINXo9PLBBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:10:31.889586Z"},"content_sha256":"970f7e44bb17532e0beb48f83a68d9fe882325aa87496d0a5ed3f76a0d3d25e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:970f7e44bb17532e0beb48f83a68d9fe882325aa87496d0a5ed3f76a0d3d25e1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic Millicharge Background and Reheating Probes","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Xucheng Gan, Yu-Dai Tsai","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that the searches for dark sector particles can provide probes of reheating scenarios, focusing on the cosmic millicharge background produced in the early universe. We discuss two types of millicharge particles (mCPs): either with, or without, an accompanying dark photon. These two types of mCPs have distinct theoretical motivations and cosmological signatures. We discuss constraints from the overproduction and mCP-baryon interactions of the mCP without an accompanying dark photon, with different reheating temperatures. We also consider the $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff}$ constraints on th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.07951/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4+oEH8Fw80oRHe9tsq0EkcnMDIhH2tApM070wm10Z8lBBDZvusxgi3yKN0UbassZNSn+kMbESeImHEK2ceE5Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:10:31.890628Z"},"content_sha256":"b638e243e5c24c67feb09615d80c152f48db257d5e744d8233fb3031e844f16a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b638e243e5c24c67feb09615d80c152f48db257d5e744d8233fb3031e844f16a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T07:10:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5AJSYTHM77X6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2c740cabb3ecce263593d09288541288c46afa79e3db192fb7ec5c3e5f67465a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d61236d38e9a30f40868f550ef21a40ae1732538be29c9490f81c3764007422"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.07951","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.07951v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.07951","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFFWF3FHJJRX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFFWF3FHJJRXSW5A","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFFWF3FH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b638e243e5c24c67feb09615d80c152f48db257d5e744d8233fb3031e844f16a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2308.07951/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that the searches for dark sector particles can provide probes of reheating scenarios, focusing on the cosmic millicharge background produced in the early universe. We discuss two types of millicharge particles (mCPs): either with, or without, an accompanying dark photon. These two types of mCPs have distinct theoretical motivations and cosmological signatures. We discuss constraints from the overproduction and mCP-baryon interactions of the mCP without an accompanying dark photon, with different reheating temperatures. We also consider the $\\Delta N_{\\rm eff}$ constraints on th","authors_text":"Xucheng Gan, Yu-Dai Tsai","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","title":"Cosmic Millicharge Background and Reheating Probes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:970f7e44bb17532e0beb48f83a68d9fe882325aa87496d0a5ed3f76a0d3d25e1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2c740cabb3ecce263593d09288541288c46afa79e3db192fb7ec5c3e5f67465a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ex","hep-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2023-08-15T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d61236d38e9a30f40868f550ef21a40ae1732538be29c9490f81c3764007422"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.07951","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"894b62eca74a63795ba04cb133b3ffbfb51b6cd759f0dd8d7e41ad1ec1b1b62b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"894b62eca74a63795ba04cb133b3ffbfb51b6cd759f0dd8d7e41ad1ec1b1b62b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641164Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641164Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aVkHKlVm4yWwe6ZKaf1aFofjpI4uxDg4DxLL3NlRzu+TKqxnjPcQVtEdIkPwLpQLEGmAMGYScJBzRQ8pzldjAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:42:45.641646Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2308.07951","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:970f7e44bb17532e0beb48f83a68d9fe882325aa87496d0a5ed3f76a0d3d25e1","sha256:b638e243e5c24c67feb09615d80c152f48db257d5e744d8233fb3031e844f16a"],"state_sha256":"3ed72088c6907f1e4635c773ae2e716468268008017209bbfd37097cb1a1d14e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZpykRZt4Hqyj6YADmMFED7i1EmKqdM621BSDOPfHu789OJZa70jbFzzHFLhqdPV2v1TTbP0QRcfmRnsgEVgSBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:10:31.896575Z","bundle_sha256":"0794862f847a2a5a3fcc23f5b7485750e7093f4a89e65fe6b3aee393bfdb1aab"}}