{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV","short_pith_number":"pith:RFPCXDWY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"title_canon_sha256":"75defc47f03151f3a8fba740e9dae2b3eeda9be72f22260ff9379c5d78e886e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f2f31792183774ddf0ef625c4f3a1b2ec83ff72d00626e0ce298eb0a067ecaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"895e2b8ed88ac972a96b42bf7252bf1577c050483d5de5402d5b18304b7c7ee0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.19806","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.19806","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.19806v3","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.19806","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFPCXDWYRLEX","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLL","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFPCXDWY","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"title_canon_sha256":"75defc47f03151f3a8fba740e9dae2b3eeda9be72f22260ff9379c5d78e886e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f2f31792183774ddf0ef625c4f3a1b2ec83ff72d00626e0ce298eb0a067ecaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"895e2b8ed88ac972a96b42bf7252bf1577c050483d5de5402d5b18304b7c7ee0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.647551Z","signature_b64":"B8wmGY3G9brt89blkkEWABG7S32LsYpct8pUgO+P1527VH2U4UpXt8hsMFKM+8S005hwEkSyy/OrVDcLpcsYDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"895e2b8ed88ac972a96b42bf7252bf1577c050483d5de5402d5b18304b7c7ee0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.646660Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.646660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.19806","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YzTq047vOGBrTJJ57QiBqy/KP5xeGizCaxbkoTN5ap+/BwEsY4Rg/zP0U0sbys6w8lJPKpuLkrhdAe+DHmvVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:56:30.518350Z"},"content_sha256":"e7bb4e56da1a7adec5ebecd153a56b90c9eb7cf4aa9b650daef068e19e2879bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7bb4e56da1a7adec5ebecd153a56b90c9eb7cf4aa9b650daef068e19e2879bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LLM-Based Social Simulations Require a Boundary","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Chuan Xiao, Makoto Onizuka, Run Peng, Takayuki Ito, Zengqing Wu","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"This position paper argues that LLM-based social simulations require clear boundaries to make meaningful contributions to social science. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for simulating human behavior, their tendency to produce homogeneous outputs, acting as an \"average persona\", fundamentally limits their ability to capture the behavioral diversity essential for complex social dynamics. We examine why heterogeneity matters for social simulations and how current LLMs fall short, analyzing the relationship between mean alignment and variance in LLM-generated behav"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.19806/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZShtUcnU1hMUFnEqaRSEFOyxh0BC1IHuqgP0xU81hEbFZwHZNpu5FQPx5ODvC5U/wgaDP0ztK3nFsZP/qnP9DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:56:30.518859Z"},"content_sha256":"e7dbf99d3646c8b619918981520ed556fd0e2aebe9ee8b61ffa975719ea96f2c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7dbf99d3646c8b619918981520ed556fd0e2aebe9ee8b61ffa975719ea96f2c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T07:56:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLLIK7XEUV7CV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f2f31792183774ddf0ef625c4f3a1b2ec83ff72d00626e0ce298eb0a067ecaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"75defc47f03151f3a8fba740e9dae2b3eeda9be72f22260ff9379c5d78e886e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.19806","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.19806v3","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.19806","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFPCXDWYRLEX","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFPCXDWYRLEXFKLL","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFPCXDWY","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e7dbf99d3646c8b619918981520ed556fd0e2aebe9ee8b61ffa975719ea96f2c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.19806/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This position paper argues that LLM-based social simulations require clear boundaries to make meaningful contributions to social science. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for simulating human behavior, their tendency to produce homogeneous outputs, acting as an \"average persona\", fundamentally limits their ability to capture the behavioral diversity essential for complex social dynamics. We examine why heterogeneity matters for social simulations and how current LLMs fall short, analyzing the relationship between mean alignment and variance in LLM-generated behav","authors_text":"Chuan Xiao, Makoto Onizuka, Run Peng, Takayuki Ito, Zengqing Wu","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","title":"LLM-Based Social Simulations Require a Boundary"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e7bb4e56da1a7adec5ebecd153a56b90c9eb7cf4aa9b650daef068e19e2879bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f2f31792183774ddf0ef625c4f3a1b2ec83ff72d00626e0ce298eb0a067ecaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.MA"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T17:14:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"75defc47f03151f3a8fba740e9dae2b3eeda9be72f22260ff9379c5d78e886e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.19806","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"895e2b8ed88ac972a96b42bf7252bf1577c050483d5de5402d5b18304b7c7ee0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"895e2b8ed88ac972a96b42bf7252bf1577c050483d5de5402d5b18304b7c7ee0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.646660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.646660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"B8wmGY3G9brt89blkkEWABG7S32LsYpct8pUgO+P1527VH2U4UpXt8hsMFKM+8S005hwEkSyy/OrVDcLpcsYDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-14T01:20:44.647551Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.19806","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e7bb4e56da1a7adec5ebecd153a56b90c9eb7cf4aa9b650daef068e19e2879bc","sha256:e7dbf99d3646c8b619918981520ed556fd0e2aebe9ee8b61ffa975719ea96f2c"],"state_sha256":"0e48514e5cb88e4b6d6ac100dcb8dce270190b8a4d5065b70db7015075404d81"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VRyrQuJvexhqRoqtovNm84jSYK5VO3apCJ69Kaw75el/XkybjhQ1jjcQ6gysU6roiBVvcbISXickh8ATbu5XDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:56:30.523629Z","bundle_sha256":"8f01c0ac7c60dd6e4582dc911c57b2d61c065bc310b41e33eaf33f4303a85582"}}