{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2","short_pith_number":"pith:RFU3X3GN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e88652fc52bc536d4490e306b0a1d66a5431d1c4eec858b7dea72132d486045","abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e6503d7ab46eec6ddf8d1785b72d86c1765d852272d78284b01ca9886d22d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8969bbeccd3d4a323a13fa2a1ad1a16eacb05a274cc9b1eb403f833ee92b59e2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.10447","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.10447","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.10447v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.10447","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFU3X3GNHVFD","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFU3X3GN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e88652fc52bc536d4490e306b0a1d66a5431d1c4eec858b7dea72132d486045","abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e6503d7ab46eec6ddf8d1785b72d86c1765d852272d78284b01ca9886d22d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8969bbeccd3d4a323a13fa2a1ad1a16eacb05a274cc9b1eb403f833ee92b59e2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356727Z","signature_b64":"Fz4whu8R3KFEDsmwGVR3aEgAxKVXF6KhVrE0vQwuLBjw27T+PIqgWl29qAI8aOe/zwJwRwm0M7WJZ9PiZFIiAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8969bbeccd3d4a323a13fa2a1ad1a16eacb05a274cc9b1eb403f833ee92b59e2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356021Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2401.10447","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FjHD/17FjL7eNiTzw/91qZnAYGCaZUoe6uOjfmGaqUJcGDmBxY7xRB0aTNovj5kBfjD0i6AE02Wf5lbxJwi5Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T07:24:19.909882Z"},"content_sha256":"6d1930e44902e3d88f51f23b0abe9b80c19f7d399b2fa76734116d0e63f32a43","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6d1930e44902e3d88f51f23b0abe9b80c19f7d399b2fa76734116d0e63f32a43"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Investigating Training Strategies and Model Robustness of Low-Rank Adaptation for Language Modeling in Speech Recognition","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Andreas Stolcke, Ankur Gandhe, Ariya Rastow, Chao-Han Huck Yang, Denis Filimonov, Ivan Bulyko, Jari Kolehmainen, Jia Xu, Prashanth G. Shivakumar, Roger Ren, Sungho Ryu, Tuan Dinh, Yu Yu","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"The use of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with frozen pretrained language models (PLMs) has become increasing popular as a mainstream, resource-efficient modeling approach for memory-constrained hardware. In this study, we first explore how to enhance model performance by introducing various LoRA training strategies, achieving relative word error rate reductions of 3.50\\% on the public Librispeech dataset and of 3.67\\% on an internal dataset in the messaging domain. To further characterize the stability of LoRA-based second-pass speech recognition models, we examine robustness against input pertur"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.10447/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VkynV1Ok1n04JZtl9g8pxcdrT4wbGqZt3NQO3fOO5Qh/d505lgaBwNzMEIsJLSBPuhr8IWLrvE2RFafLB34mBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T07:24:19.910247Z"},"content_sha256":"fc4ee1a1f91424da30f552dbbf28ce04758dc08b9b756545ed5b0f91d0dccaa3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc4ee1a1f91424da30f552dbbf28ce04758dc08b9b756545ed5b0f91d0dccaa3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-12T07:24:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT7IVBVUNBN2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e6503d7ab46eec6ddf8d1785b72d86c1765d852272d78284b01ca9886d22d0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e88652fc52bc536d4490e306b0a1d66a5431d1c4eec858b7dea72132d486045"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.10447","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.10447v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.10447","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFU3X3GNHVFD","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFU3X3GNHVFDEOQT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFU3X3GN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc4ee1a1f91424da30f552dbbf28ce04758dc08b9b756545ed5b0f91d0dccaa3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.10447/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The use of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with frozen pretrained language models (PLMs) has become increasing popular as a mainstream, resource-efficient modeling approach for memory-constrained hardware. In this study, we first explore how to enhance model performance by introducing various LoRA training strategies, achieving relative word error rate reductions of 3.50\\% on the public Librispeech dataset and of 3.67\\% on an internal dataset in the messaging domain. To further characterize the stability of LoRA-based second-pass speech recognition models, we examine robustness against input pertur","authors_text":"Andreas Stolcke, Ankur Gandhe, Ariya Rastow, Chao-Han Huck Yang, Denis Filimonov, Ivan Bulyko, Jari Kolehmainen, Jia Xu, Prashanth G. Shivakumar, Roger Ren, Sungho Ryu, Tuan Dinh, Yu Yu","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","title":"Investigating Training Strategies and Model Robustness of Low-Rank Adaptation for Language Modeling in Speech Recognition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6d1930e44902e3d88f51f23b0abe9b80c19f7d399b2fa76734116d0e63f32a43","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e6503d7ab46eec6ddf8d1785b72d86c1765d852272d78284b01ca9886d22d0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE","cs.SD","eess.AS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-19T01:30:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e88652fc52bc536d4490e306b0a1d66a5431d1c4eec858b7dea72132d486045"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.10447","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8969bbeccd3d4a323a13fa2a1ad1a16eacb05a274cc9b1eb403f833ee92b59e2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8969bbeccd3d4a323a13fa2a1ad1a16eacb05a274cc9b1eb403f833ee92b59e2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356021Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Fz4whu8R3KFEDsmwGVR3aEgAxKVXF6KhVrE0vQwuLBjw27T+PIqgWl29qAI8aOe/zwJwRwm0M7WJZ9PiZFIiAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:35:26.356727Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.10447","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6d1930e44902e3d88f51f23b0abe9b80c19f7d399b2fa76734116d0e63f32a43","sha256:fc4ee1a1f91424da30f552dbbf28ce04758dc08b9b756545ed5b0f91d0dccaa3"],"state_sha256":"c7aaca03a53dc7728612e6a8a79bbf15608af797916ce7809453cd04101e5e6e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+etxfO72DR3q/kEvjma/YGf30/5wqwU6leScNVR+FHuZ0w2Qsh82Pbo0WNrlqw4TsFzZc9vuPqmGya1/JnejDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T07:24:19.912364Z","bundle_sha256":"7f91a044060958b1f48fd8b5dd03eb3aa3eb0d6d37c6814e01bcab7cd1c52d22"}}