{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N","short_pith_number":"pith:RFUN3ENL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ccbe664d7a6b7bad62522fb960a305a25517415d8fccfe386ac2fe0b7326a102","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d2af9bcf857698d433547de7b2dc4ad245b070119c1c3ac91715cc9a7ce29d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8968dd91ab64b923c1d30213e8e222d35122675e352a9f30c38fb3bf4488e0d2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.03795","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.03795","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.03795v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.03795","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFUN3ENLMS4S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFUN3ENL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ccbe664d7a6b7bad62522fb960a305a25517415d8fccfe386ac2fe0b7326a102","abstract_canon_sha256":"6d2af9bcf857698d433547de7b2dc4ad245b070119c1c3ac91715cc9a7ce29d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8968dd91ab64b923c1d30213e8e222d35122675e352a9f30c38fb3bf4488e0d2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421626Z","signature_b64":"1l9t5RYXHrZMupyDyblYChYZCYK5tvCqPVJDx2k43mF86fYh+BTULbt4cdLIV+11U6nlxfrGjNWBGjoWPpD6CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8968dd91ab64b923c1d30213e8e222d35122675e352a9f30c38fb3bf4488e0d2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421107Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.03795","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tfychiGYG4jNAnfq8/34MpmBSPGAhBufV8xvEHpAaewRGhSttcbg813c/paDLdM8MF0qIojByxSi3SoOVR2LBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T02:37:54.205839Z"},"content_sha256":"d6f1319e0bd48cdb12f53230fe4a270fa05e4aae43258572e406610a6e1c5377","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d6f1319e0bd48cdb12f53230fe4a270fa05e4aae43258572e406610a6e1c5377"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Samudra: An AI Global Ocean Emulator for Climate","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Adam Subel, Alistair Adcroft, Carlos Fernandez-Granda, Julius Busecke, Laure Zanna, Shubham Gupta, Surya Dheeshjith","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"AI emulators for forecasting have emerged as powerful tools that can outperform conventional numerical predictions. The next frontier is to build emulators for long climate simulations with skill across a range of spatiotemporal scales, a particularly important goal for the ocean. Our work builds a skillful global emulator of the ocean component of a state-of-the-art climate model. We emulate key ocean variables, sea surface height, horizontal velocities, temperature, and salinity, across their full depth. We use a modified ConvNeXt UNet architecture trained on multi-depth levels of ocean data"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.03795/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b/2gplu/dIB90mV7T0BdkMtZSc/iwBCJYD8pNJN8zjBJ5q2Dh7AhyF0IoU++fGZX6LBKmoKwSn3jRuLs+f8oBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T02:37:54.206213Z"},"content_sha256":"8febaa810265a1330b056a31d66e8b78b74ca5f536136e9c7ba62019d09c24f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8febaa810265a1330b056a31d66e8b78b74ca5f536136e9c7ba62019d09c24f7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T02:37:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOTAIJ6RYRC2N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d2af9bcf857698d433547de7b2dc4ad245b070119c1c3ac91715cc9a7ce29d0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"ccbe664d7a6b7bad62522fb960a305a25517415d8fccfe386ac2fe0b7326a102"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.03795","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.03795v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.03795","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFUN3ENLMS4S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFUN3ENLMS4SHQOT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFUN3ENL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8febaa810265a1330b056a31d66e8b78b74ca5f536136e9c7ba62019d09c24f7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.03795/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"AI emulators for forecasting have emerged as powerful tools that can outperform conventional numerical predictions. The next frontier is to build emulators for long climate simulations with skill across a range of spatiotemporal scales, a particularly important goal for the ocean. Our work builds a skillful global emulator of the ocean component of a state-of-the-art climate model. We emulate key ocean variables, sea surface height, horizontal velocities, temperature, and salinity, across their full depth. We use a modified ConvNeXt UNet architecture trained on multi-depth levels of ocean data","authors_text":"Adam Subel, Alistair Adcroft, Carlos Fernandez-Granda, Julius Busecke, Laure Zanna, Shubham Gupta, Surya Dheeshjith","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","title":"Samudra: An AI Global Ocean Emulator for Climate"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d6f1319e0bd48cdb12f53230fe4a270fa05e4aae43258572e406610a6e1c5377","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6d2af9bcf857698d433547de7b2dc4ad245b070119c1c3ac91715cc9a7ce29d0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T01:25:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"ccbe664d7a6b7bad62522fb960a305a25517415d8fccfe386ac2fe0b7326a102"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.03795","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"8968dd91ab64b923c1d30213e8e222d35122675e352a9f30c38fb3bf4488e0d2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8968dd91ab64b923c1d30213e8e222d35122675e352a9f30c38fb3bf4488e0d2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421107Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1l9t5RYXHrZMupyDyblYChYZCYK5tvCqPVJDx2k43mF86fYh+BTULbt4cdLIV+11U6nlxfrGjNWBGjoWPpD6CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:13:16.421626Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.03795","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d6f1319e0bd48cdb12f53230fe4a270fa05e4aae43258572e406610a6e1c5377","sha256:8febaa810265a1330b056a31d66e8b78b74ca5f536136e9c7ba62019d09c24f7"],"state_sha256":"a3b173ee5651875ce1ead86af10ef01e468289aaafd796d7bfb00e754992464a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BKy3bC+vZ9rWcxn97RQFFL+uP04JIEAkU7G2a4n6haMuvwpmMkWgRZlElQ9PNC99rPav399iyp8yin4q2D57Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T02:37:54.208323Z","bundle_sha256":"730bca80d388e6ed7e4686f5a1b25953aac7bc747669955ce15af8f4ff71c88d"}}