{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG","short_pith_number":"pith:RFYN4QPX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e8886c8f73db5021acbc13e67342e8d0d09041cc65bfd6cb8c39da9c86abe41","abstract_canon_sha256":"3829ffd2d1eb504f2895e440f03bfcf4d168dc1c01aadec0e3305e4d99f91897"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8970de41f7b2d7c24910411fb60e30019f884b4d6f66ab17555f6ffe2aff78c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.09948","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.09948","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.09948v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.09948","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFYN4QPXWLL4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFYN4QPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e8886c8f73db5021acbc13e67342e8d0d09041cc65bfd6cb8c39da9c86abe41","abstract_canon_sha256":"3829ffd2d1eb504f2895e440f03bfcf4d168dc1c01aadec0e3305e4d99f91897"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8970de41f7b2d7c24910411fb60e30019f884b4d6f66ab17555f6ffe2aff78c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512775Z","signature_b64":"OGa+QhVyDoGQHd4SlqtD2DrtZ0mUFR8TDwkB06QsjaMyzhPYgCL/o31DQXNjG5pNkWyWXzTz9ksBxMBhMeVuAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8970de41f7b2d7c24910411fb60e30019f884b4d6f66ab17555f6ffe2aff78c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512328Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512328Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.09948","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZBS3V8gCVmD57uOO59MTe69tCsgKoe9rYMkp04ZwqP2CVVKLSqZxhR7ol4qypZT9sqnXOjM3U3HJsTjcIqDGAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:55:11.762560Z"},"content_sha256":"86695f10d694b53f55125394dd30739da4cc561c0e38cef698499ea52f8ebfde","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:86695f10d694b53f55125394dd30739da4cc561c0e38cef698499ea52f8ebfde"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"State of NLP in Kenya: A Survey","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Albert Njoroge Kahira, Antony M. Gitau, Antony Ndolo, Brian Muhia, Caringtone Kinyanjui, Catherine Gitau, Cynthia Jayne Amol, Everlyn Asiko Chimoto, Kavengi Kitonga, Lawrence Moruye, Lilian D. A. Wanzare, Naome A. Etori, Ronald Tombe, Rose Delilah Gesicho, Samson Otieno Ooko, Steven Ndung'u","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Kenya, known for its linguistic diversity, faces unique challenges and promising opportunities in advancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, particularly for its underrepresented indigenous languages. This survey provides a detailed assessment of the current state of NLP in Kenya, emphasizing ongoing efforts in dataset creation, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition for local dialects such as Kiswahili, Dholuo, Kikuyu, and Luhya. Despite these advancements, the development of NLP in Kenya remains constrained by limited resources and tools, resulting in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.09948/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SkNMjJOvhqMQ8QngfI3NTjfTeBH7gJX5vTNLVAa8Fl0zeCd+KarD3oCUtDOj2J8uuKPEZwvFcbKncmKc9OPuAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:55:11.762935Z"},"content_sha256":"8977b663b48e7e87c26bff6428386deb05da777d5e6113fbfdaed9494e57b346","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8977b663b48e7e87c26bff6428386deb05da777d5e6113fbfdaed9494e57b346"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T16:55:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQIEP3MDRQAG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3829ffd2d1eb504f2895e440f03bfcf4d168dc1c01aadec0e3305e4d99f91897","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e8886c8f73db5021acbc13e67342e8d0d09041cc65bfd6cb8c39da9c86abe41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.09948","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.09948v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.09948","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RFYN4QPXWLL4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RFYN4QPXWLL4ESIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RFYN4QPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8977b663b48e7e87c26bff6428386deb05da777d5e6113fbfdaed9494e57b346","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.09948/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Kenya, known for its linguistic diversity, faces unique challenges and promising opportunities in advancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, particularly for its underrepresented indigenous languages. This survey provides a detailed assessment of the current state of NLP in Kenya, emphasizing ongoing efforts in dataset creation, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition for local dialects such as Kiswahili, Dholuo, Kikuyu, and Luhya. Despite these advancements, the development of NLP in Kenya remains constrained by limited resources and tools, resulting in ","authors_text":"Albert Njoroge Kahira, Antony M. Gitau, Antony Ndolo, Brian Muhia, Caringtone Kinyanjui, Catherine Gitau, Cynthia Jayne Amol, Everlyn Asiko Chimoto, Kavengi Kitonga, Lawrence Moruye, Lilian D. A. Wanzare, Naome A. Etori, Ronald Tombe, Rose Delilah Gesicho, Samson Otieno Ooko, Steven Ndung'u","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","title":"State of NLP in Kenya: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:86695f10d694b53f55125394dd30739da4cc561c0e38cef698499ea52f8ebfde","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3829ffd2d1eb504f2895e440f03bfcf4d168dc1c01aadec0e3305e4d99f91897","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-13T18:08:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e8886c8f73db5021acbc13e67342e8d0d09041cc65bfd6cb8c39da9c86abe41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.09948","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8970de41f7b2d7c24910411fb60e30019f884b4d6f66ab17555f6ffe2aff78c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8970de41f7b2d7c24910411fb60e30019f884b4d6f66ab17555f6ffe2aff78c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512328Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512328Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OGa+QhVyDoGQHd4SlqtD2DrtZ0mUFR8TDwkB06QsjaMyzhPYgCL/o31DQXNjG5pNkWyWXzTz9ksBxMBhMeVuAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:20:08.512775Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.09948","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:86695f10d694b53f55125394dd30739da4cc561c0e38cef698499ea52f8ebfde","sha256:8977b663b48e7e87c26bff6428386deb05da777d5e6113fbfdaed9494e57b346"],"state_sha256":"b0b9eb9cb9fef6e192e8ed49218d77af9c70206b0b66b0f6dc4064d077fdfbc7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x0Iwdxjx4//3lg/zMWYZ8gfMazLu1POhNcXsFZ2GIBOC8yJEHIoj0CE5xpZQJan03YfJuzNquoTv2rWqrWv4BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T16:55:11.764907Z","bundle_sha256":"8b95f05734575ac60316c44d4ca3e3771384359b29792e5b863aa5be39142d2a"}}