{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RGQM4TQFK4TOECWO2SFCX6ICTK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ada4e7237f98d857798aef6868a1e238338b656086edb8b1ba6cb960685ff0f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T18:28:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3308d52a251ef76ab5e20030da5eca01cf85981df775e702ce90660f85540ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.11004","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.11004","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.11004v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.11004","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGQM4TQFK4TO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGQM4TQFK4TOECWO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGQM4TQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:97086138005f380772c2adc6770afa0b5371f1e84480be30380669bfd6051a97","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.11004/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models have the ability to generate text that mimics patterns in their inputs. We introduce a simple Markov Chain sequence modeling task in order to study how this in-context learning (ICL) capability emerges. In our setting, each example is sampled from a Markov chain drawn from a prior distribution over Markov chains. Transformers trained on this task form \\emph{statistical induction heads} which compute accurate next-token probabilities given the bigram statistics of the context. During the course of training, models pass through multiple phases: after an initial stage in whi","authors_text":"Benjamin L. Edelman, Eran Malach, Ezra Edelman, Nikolaos Tsilivis, Surbhi Goel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T18:28:36Z","title":"The Evolution of Statistical Induction Heads: In-Context Learning Markov Chains"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.11004","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c88e781a171a871561ed6b1b3932b6e84615ad7f8c0b39928e2ad1f82491873c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ada4e7237f98d857798aef6868a1e238338b656086edb8b1ba6cb960685ff0f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-16T18:28:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3308d52a251ef76ab5e20030da5eca01cf85981df775e702ce90660f85540ba8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.11004","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"89a0ce4e055726e20aced48a2bf9029aa5c45a651a2a1cef16607265caa6403c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"89a0ce4e055726e20aced48a2bf9029aa5c45a651a2a1cef16607265caa6403c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03.392444Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03.392444Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5JM0gzdfUAUa1/pObosI0JgVmoMoC0e+8iMeA/GqhZYPDTicCETsiQxCZLP/yGbftkGjeJMardpQwjyFcSWOAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:03.392908Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.11004","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c88e781a171a871561ed6b1b3932b6e84615ad7f8c0b39928e2ad1f82491873c","sha256:97086138005f380772c2adc6770afa0b5371f1e84480be30380669bfd6051a97"],"state_sha256":"bd2cb5907bd6ca074efc63424f3d6ec05199b9729d7bddcb758da945b71302ec"}