{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO","short_pith_number":"pith:RGULKTBG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"beafcd5dbc62785af39b4ce4c73009d8b085f35ec712a59ee5528fbe8423959d","abstract_canon_sha256":"bc41a6897f431fc11aa5b077d272239ea57a2aaf6a368d030c6b70ab2565aa6a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89a8b54c26d56681b49d4a6d533e26cb9724472238f984289483cb21240220a9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.08722","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.08722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.08722v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.08722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGULKTBG2VTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGULKTBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"beafcd5dbc62785af39b4ce4c73009d8b085f35ec712a59ee5528fbe8423959d","abstract_canon_sha256":"bc41a6897f431fc11aa5b077d272239ea57a2aaf6a368d030c6b70ab2565aa6a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89a8b54c26d56681b49d4a6d533e26cb9724472238f984289483cb21240220a9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083759Z","signature_b64":"qL/sDBrKbDdDfH2aQaef+TNlB2jsDkJu5u+iSyn70Wyh7ELDPcN5WM95B0LIzIdN2+cE/89byRL3Pqirmgi3CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"89a8b54c26d56681b49d4a6d533e26cb9724472238f984289483cb21240220a9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083078Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083078Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.08722","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OozMGxEVIHpqv0Z2wVx9IulmRW7Gpauaqxewm4YNYtozFYQF73Wmeidv01R252tAxpQ8tiAKlAexj5rxCfksBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:45:33.534827Z"},"content_sha256":"8171c5331aa3a6dca01ee2765d3fa6fcadfd61a2ed08ea5a2103b8d9f1d25466","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8171c5331aa3a6dca01ee2765d3fa6fcadfd61a2ed08ea5a2103b8d9f1d25466"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient parametric frequency conversions in lithium niobate nanophotonic chips","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Chao Tang, Jia-Yang Chen, Yong Meng Sua, Yu-ping Huang, Zhan Li, Zhao-hui Ma","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Chip-integrated nonlinear photonics holds the key for advanced optical information processing with superior performance and novel functionalities. Here, we present an optimally mode-matched, periodically poled lithium niobate nanowaveguide for efficient parametric frequency conversions on chip. Using a 4-mm nanowaveguide with subwavelength mode confinement, we demonstrate second harmonic generation with efficiency over $2200\\%~W^{-1}cm^{-2}$, and broadband difference frequency generation with similar efficiency over a 4.5-THz spectral span. These allow us to generate correlated photon pairs ov"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kKsYZHB2yiCKeK7LFyJk4WxcjtYWwR6qLrOTK58p8MRYriOiMsEn9g2zzQW0OZtLtLcpTFHNdZ9sEXCeLJ1kAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:45:33.535482Z"},"content_sha256":"d5d41ad166e9f223e62b7c611c45f183f89d71a71381b698622741b56e4e276d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d5d41ad166e9f223e62b7c611c45f183f89d71a71381b698622741b56e4e276d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T22:45:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5JJWVGPRGZO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bc41a6897f431fc11aa5b077d272239ea57a2aaf6a368d030c6b70ab2565aa6a","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"beafcd5dbc62785af39b4ce4c73009d8b085f35ec712a59ee5528fbe8423959d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.08722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.08722v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.08722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGULKTBG2VTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGULKTBG2VTIDNE5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGULKTBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d5d41ad166e9f223e62b7c611c45f183f89d71a71381b698622741b56e4e276d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Chip-integrated nonlinear photonics holds the key for advanced optical information processing with superior performance and novel functionalities. Here, we present an optimally mode-matched, periodically poled lithium niobate nanowaveguide for efficient parametric frequency conversions on chip. Using a 4-mm nanowaveguide with subwavelength mode confinement, we demonstrate second harmonic generation with efficiency over $2200\\%~W^{-1}cm^{-2}$, and broadband difference frequency generation with similar efficiency over a 4.5-THz spectral span. These allow us to generate correlated photon pairs ov","authors_text":"Chao Tang, Jia-Yang Chen, Yong Meng Sua, Yu-ping Huang, Zhan Li, Zhao-hui Ma","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","title":"Efficient parametric frequency conversions in lithium niobate nanophotonic chips"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8171c5331aa3a6dca01ee2765d3fa6fcadfd61a2ed08ea5a2103b8d9f1d25466","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bc41a6897f431fc11aa5b077d272239ea57a2aaf6a368d030c6b70ab2565aa6a","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-03-20T20:16:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"beafcd5dbc62785af39b4ce4c73009d8b085f35ec712a59ee5528fbe8423959d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.08722","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"89a8b54c26d56681b49d4a6d533e26cb9724472238f984289483cb21240220a9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"89a8b54c26d56681b49d4a6d533e26cb9724472238f984289483cb21240220a9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083078Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083078Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qL/sDBrKbDdDfH2aQaef+TNlB2jsDkJu5u+iSyn70Wyh7ELDPcN5WM95B0LIzIdN2+cE/89byRL3Pqirmgi3CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:44.083759Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.08722","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8171c5331aa3a6dca01ee2765d3fa6fcadfd61a2ed08ea5a2103b8d9f1d25466","sha256:d5d41ad166e9f223e62b7c611c45f183f89d71a71381b698622741b56e4e276d"],"state_sha256":"f08768dc44075ae01e7c0d34c0b7126e0a9bb2a0bf2f6387532e946d6db29f39"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kp7jSN+PKEoBR1VKqdgOf9ZaTW0IjEIoMpMu+BJDjQFXHH279BlW/3IdGcb98+Eu9nJuj33wawfbDVsN9wRNBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:45:33.538854Z","bundle_sha256":"28b16c29be6385f4d84dfa203618214b6a11c077fada91a1a041ecd3dfdbf9f1"}}