{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3","short_pith_number":"pith:RGXGDJXL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a0a017051630ef8247c603339e7445197c3b6ef29c0b5486e25d66bc763bafe2","abstract_canon_sha256":"1718f559b7beacbbf94b6e84cf6b1145f77c8e480b0ca758b8e94c3d0e57c109"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89ae61a6eb6ba895f1fc66222efd500ed75e6cdcfc31487e77317e11e7580eb0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.10810","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.10810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.10810v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.10810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGXGDJXLNOUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGXGDJXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a0a017051630ef8247c603339e7445197c3b6ef29c0b5486e25d66bc763bafe2","abstract_canon_sha256":"1718f559b7beacbbf94b6e84cf6b1145f77c8e480b0ca758b8e94c3d0e57c109"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89ae61a6eb6ba895f1fc66222efd500ed75e6cdcfc31487e77317e11e7580eb0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.115163Z","signature_b64":"Mo4HfyKezp/RcaKF39xDWozykpkILxHgdw54ME03/CTPHDZql2/bxq5niQ9Uf/4l1xi/boG9epiMPfr4OE+iBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"89ae61a6eb6ba895f1fc66222efd500ed75e6cdcfc31487e77317e11e7580eb0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.114299Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.114299Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.10810","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FmhlgRYkOde4MR/nMqkw/z5WgOT6Cx0ilZGQtaJo/IcjJkkm+w0HB0RAYzn/gBsWnggG4UyAQrjcqhg6JLvdAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T05:19:22.034675Z"},"content_sha256":"c5cd2bb2f5201fbf8bf4b6f272488ef829bb066964f04e46dc820244d9549f60","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5cd2bb2f5201fbf8bf4b6f272488ef829bb066964f04e46dc820244d9549f60"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"James E. Owen (IAS), Yanqin Wu (Toronto)","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California-Kepler-Survey. The radius distribution of the Kepler planets is shown to be bimodal, with a ``valley' separating two peaks at 1.3 and 2.6 Rearth. Such an ``evaporation-valley' had been predicted by numerical models previously. Here, we develop a minimal model to demonstrate that this valley results from the following fact: the timescale for envelope erosion is the longest for those planets with hydrogen/helium-rich envelopes that, while only "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kV5n5XtEGuE+1oSxJsdnpptYVRDNXzoZzKjkJRMxTOLF1SdG6PShq0E1BIVax9fzUDVVNK7VW/MgGFGiXnGlBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T05:19:22.035008Z"},"content_sha256":"6f2b8197d762255bfaddf16cd55a8ea72315a946c7200c1f4c1a3ccb0d55fee4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6f2b8197d762255bfaddf16cd55a8ea72315a946c7200c1f4c1a3ccb0d55fee4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T05:19:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4MYRC57KQB3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1718f559b7beacbbf94b6e84cf6b1145f77c8e480b0ca758b8e94c3d0e57c109","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0a017051630ef8247c603339e7445197c3b6ef29c0b5486e25d66bc763bafe2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.10810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.10810v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.10810","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGXGDJXLNOUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGXGDJXLNOUJL4P4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGXGDJXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6f2b8197d762255bfaddf16cd55a8ea72315a946c7200c1f4c1a3ccb0d55fee4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California-Kepler-Survey. The radius distribution of the Kepler planets is shown to be bimodal, with a ``valley' separating two peaks at 1.3 and 2.6 Rearth. Such an ``evaporation-valley' had been predicted by numerical models previously. Here, we develop a minimal model to demonstrate that this valley results from the following fact: the timescale for envelope erosion is the longest for those planets with hydrogen/helium-rich envelopes that, while only ","authors_text":"James E. Owen (IAS), Yanqin Wu (Toronto)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","title":"The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c5cd2bb2f5201fbf8bf4b6f272488ef829bb066964f04e46dc820244d9549f60","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1718f559b7beacbbf94b6e84cf6b1145f77c8e480b0ca758b8e94c3d0e57c109","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2017-05-30T18:13:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0a017051630ef8247c603339e7445197c3b6ef29c0b5486e25d66bc763bafe2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.10810","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"89ae61a6eb6ba895f1fc66222efd500ed75e6cdcfc31487e77317e11e7580eb0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"89ae61a6eb6ba895f1fc66222efd500ed75e6cdcfc31487e77317e11e7580eb0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.114299Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.114299Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mo4HfyKezp/RcaKF39xDWozykpkILxHgdw54ME03/CTPHDZql2/bxq5niQ9Uf/4l1xi/boG9epiMPfr4OE+iBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:39.115163Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.10810","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c5cd2bb2f5201fbf8bf4b6f272488ef829bb066964f04e46dc820244d9549f60","sha256:6f2b8197d762255bfaddf16cd55a8ea72315a946c7200c1f4c1a3ccb0d55fee4"],"state_sha256":"09590b9dbdc157e40bc2b82ce9d08875642484e8a15a310f2a71a998673e758c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hkoIBNCJwdvriozEtWIDUmybN/9eGYI/pbqFRNxAYmhH7w6dTxqUv8JQTWl8vw3I34lXTLOGWOHLwBjtIptUDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T05:19:22.036858Z","bundle_sha256":"68015221c0cd59c0127c38b230b434e36300e8e96b926645cd2630c591420dc3"}}