{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ","short_pith_number":"pith:RJFBKFGN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f45e11b5bb40dbb128338c0892c6428eeae4db7416d4956121b6b986b3b8e27","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c6c26f8595e8a5557c9977ea734a24bb17bce64baff73cea3deb2deb8bae37e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8a4a1514cd3577f1d54b378c1129811e4ba826f6dff7c68b9cff58d3a508cf10","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1412.1843","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.1843","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.1843v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.1843","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RJFBKFGNGV37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RJFBKFGNGV37DVKL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RJFBKFGN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f45e11b5bb40dbb128338c0892c6428eeae4db7416d4956121b6b986b3b8e27","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c6c26f8595e8a5557c9977ea734a24bb17bce64baff73cea3deb2deb8bae37e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8a4a1514cd3577f1d54b378c1129811e4ba826f6dff7c68b9cff58d3a508cf10","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899404Z","signature_b64":"JciKn12E6hdrSI1LNfkKDj62bMNFgFrCItyYI95bsrpOvaM8Q3uWimqHCt94t5fKyA506K1KSFKyC2siiifuCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8a4a1514cd3577f1d54b378c1129811e4ba826f6dff7c68b9cff58d3a508cf10","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899043Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899043Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1412.1843","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sqiWjFbry4rGX6DKx5XISUi+SypqkOgxPlgJnT4DjpSgwwiUt6QSRPKZGQm3md4vamvVKQMHkh3LKBmCmt3bAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:38:42.046529Z"},"content_sha256":"06ee80d84facc5e6f5a1c45e85260b46534296fb1cd1261855eb3a88f2bd134b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06ee80d84facc5e6f5a1c45e85260b46534296fb1cd1261855eb3a88f2bd134b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Functional Time Series Models for Ultrafine Particle Distributions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Heidi J. Fischer, Qunfang Zhang, Robert E. Weiss, Yifang Zhu","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose Bayesian random effect functional time series models to model the impact of engine idling on ultrafine particle (UFP) counts inside school buses. UFPs are toxic to humans with health effects strongly linked to particle size. School engines emit particles primarily in the UFP size range and as school buses idle at bus stops, UFPs penetrate into cabins through cracks, doors, and windows. How UFP counts inside buses vary by particle size over time and under different idling conditions is not yet well understood. We model UFP counts at a given time with a cubic B-spline basis as a funct"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N7omreKAO9Lbw5blkdIKckjYrEbZG96IhwSfRtL5iKsHC6rRgFG8aY1uUSwJY4K5ZpOFJP7Ky57i0XiKUY9qAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:38:42.046874Z"},"content_sha256":"75f2c5f23e2d71b57da1a16fdc3bc032cc292a25e99cc270ab945e6b09af9f2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75f2c5f23e2d71b57da1a16fdc3bc032cc292a25e99cc270ab945e6b09af9f2d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T11:38:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:RJFBKFGNGV37DVKLG6GBCKMBDZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c6c26f8595e8a5557c9977ea734a24bb17bce64baff73cea3deb2deb8bae37e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f45e11b5bb40dbb128338c0892c6428eeae4db7416d4956121b6b986b3b8e27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.1843","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.1843v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.1843","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RJFBKFGNGV37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RJFBKFGNGV37DVKL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RJFBKFGN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:75f2c5f23e2d71b57da1a16fdc3bc032cc292a25e99cc270ab945e6b09af9f2d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose Bayesian random effect functional time series models to model the impact of engine idling on ultrafine particle (UFP) counts inside school buses. UFPs are toxic to humans with health effects strongly linked to particle size. School engines emit particles primarily in the UFP size range and as school buses idle at bus stops, UFPs penetrate into cabins through cracks, doors, and windows. How UFP counts inside buses vary by particle size over time and under different idling conditions is not yet well understood. We model UFP counts at a given time with a cubic B-spline basis as a funct","authors_text":"Heidi J. Fischer, Qunfang Zhang, Robert E. Weiss, Yifang Zhu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","title":"Functional Time Series Models for Ultrafine Particle Distributions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:06ee80d84facc5e6f5a1c45e85260b46534296fb1cd1261855eb3a88f2bd134b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c6c26f8595e8a5557c9977ea734a24bb17bce64baff73cea3deb2deb8bae37e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-12-04T21:17:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f45e11b5bb40dbb128338c0892c6428eeae4db7416d4956121b6b986b3b8e27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.1843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8a4a1514cd3577f1d54b378c1129811e4ba826f6dff7c68b9cff58d3a508cf10","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8a4a1514cd3577f1d54b378c1129811e4ba826f6dff7c68b9cff58d3a508cf10","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899043Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899043Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JciKn12E6hdrSI1LNfkKDj62bMNFgFrCItyYI95bsrpOvaM8Q3uWimqHCt94t5fKyA506K1KSFKyC2siiifuCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:32:05.899404Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.1843","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:06ee80d84facc5e6f5a1c45e85260b46534296fb1cd1261855eb3a88f2bd134b","sha256:75f2c5f23e2d71b57da1a16fdc3bc032cc292a25e99cc270ab945e6b09af9f2d"],"state_sha256":"b677b4df10f5eeeb3dcb5a8d20226f42cae2b680a763e612bcecf2f417b67b03"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UODziKcx2Vv1i7Y4EY5qQPR8gI8xKmHjALqAmdOSyiQX+dqPk6V5TRJVPAwjG5tY3UxjmF2rhdzNj6tlDPhVAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T11:38:42.048804Z","bundle_sha256":"df6d187a00d151650f40451023277133eacebb2ae76ae15c76f83eb3726d9fb6"}}