{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG","short_pith_number":"pith:RKNH4YJ3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a92947f5560e879cf3ff85258bc89b59c7c60634801dc870fa9feeed489f7a7f","abstract_canon_sha256":"823e0caca0be2336fc6de7fc8e019bddd77cc5ff3f6f7c05904dcc8e2bbd5a11"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8a9a7e613b86fd8104e3133cb1eae361a6f5fbec27546c15623bae533c638928","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9903032","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9903032","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9903032v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9903032","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3Q36Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHD","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a92947f5560e879cf3ff85258bc89b59c7c60634801dc870fa9feeed489f7a7f","abstract_canon_sha256":"823e0caca0be2336fc6de7fc8e019bddd77cc5ff3f6f7c05904dcc8e2bbd5a11"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8a9a7e613b86fd8104e3133cb1eae361a6f5fbec27546c15623bae533c638928","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890880Z","signature_b64":"1swmQKzeOSeu5bI0O1HuF9oBs3gBo4qVSlbuu7qJ48/ULNN1nLtAxNnpuK1G2rKD9A05Ff2Qbz3CjDnGQk+8CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8a9a7e613b86fd8104e3133cb1eae361a6f5fbec27546c15623bae533c638928","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890440Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"gr-qc/9903032","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ViDzKKahIJTBu52VM9s7g8UAQwqn/87Ec/aHhJcGsXyd5KfZ3f/KmNNoO6lRmr78PBR8pRG74R5uGZlb6kr1Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:33:34.890651Z"},"content_sha256":"dfbff74469377b55045a8fa8cfe10d1667cc06d9cb750a6346affec7238dc0b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dfbff74469377b55045a8fa8cfe10d1667cc06d9cb750a6346affec7238dc0b7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Perturbative Approach to the Quasinormal Modes of Dirty Black Holes","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"C. Y. Tam, K. Young, P. T. Leung, W.-M. Suen, Y. T. Liu","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using a recently developed perturbation theory for uasinormal modes (QNM's), we evaluate the shifts in the real and imaginary parts of the QNM frequencies due to a quasi-static perturbation of the black hole spacetime. We show the perturbed QNM spectrum of a black hole can have interesting features using a simple model based on the scalar wave equation."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9903032/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5mMKOTKb+y5Bx1mWJakibqblLmBGt4mCwZ6hjFICjVfnZrh4JkYP31gy2GF0pqLpLTFUooUpiZzAutBZag8LBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:33:34.891469Z"},"content_sha256":"2cb75040a9b42e172c15177f398c7f5a3b880eb410223b8b6e2804053d1141ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2cb75040a9b42e172c15177f398c7f5a3b880eb410223b8b6e2804053d1141ff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T03:33:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHDCM6LD2XDMG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"823e0caca0be2336fc6de7fc8e019bddd77cc5ff3f6f7c05904dcc8e2bbd5a11","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"a92947f5560e879cf3ff85258bc89b59c7c60634801dc870fa9feeed489f7a7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9903032","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9903032v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9903032","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3Q36Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3Q36YCBHD","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RKNH4YJ3","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2cb75040a9b42e172c15177f398c7f5a3b880eb410223b8b6e2804053d1141ff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9903032/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using a recently developed perturbation theory for uasinormal modes (QNM's), we evaluate the shifts in the real and imaginary parts of the QNM frequencies due to a quasi-static perturbation of the black hole spacetime. We show the perturbed QNM spectrum of a black hole can have interesting features using a simple model based on the scalar wave equation.","authors_text":"C. Y. Tam, K. Young, P. T. Leung, W.-M. Suen, Y. T. Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","title":"Perturbative Approach to the Quasinormal Modes of Dirty Black Holes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dfbff74469377b55045a8fa8cfe10d1667cc06d9cb750a6346affec7238dc0b7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"823e0caca0be2336fc6de7fc8e019bddd77cc5ff3f6f7c05904dcc8e2bbd5a11","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-03-08T23:08:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"a92947f5560e879cf3ff85258bc89b59c7c60634801dc870fa9feeed489f7a7f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9903032","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8a9a7e613b86fd8104e3133cb1eae361a6f5fbec27546c15623bae533c638928","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8a9a7e613b86fd8104e3133cb1eae361a6f5fbec27546c15623bae533c638928","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890440Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1swmQKzeOSeu5bI0O1HuF9oBs3gBo4qVSlbuu7qJ48/ULNN1nLtAxNnpuK1G2rKD9A05Ff2Qbz3CjDnGQk+8CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:13:49.890880Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"gr-qc/9903032","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dfbff74469377b55045a8fa8cfe10d1667cc06d9cb750a6346affec7238dc0b7","sha256:2cb75040a9b42e172c15177f398c7f5a3b880eb410223b8b6e2804053d1141ff"],"state_sha256":"c2458f3801c39e7b731fe4686af02cb35ea4fdc2d5cee3e0cbad9edd5171a035"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o975o88q80ZbtOXRrKKHU5BRr9iVo7Lk8kCWE3MXnPgP7p4537zBUr0o1WdQoOJh+THMbS/5wdP3KBFrAFsEAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:33:34.897673Z","bundle_sha256":"45218d5c0ea7e2118dffc59d428cdc78b22d90c8cc1b511e440ffaf9a46b3c43"}}