{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ","short_pith_number":"pith:RLBTE34K","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"8ac3326f8ae74f613f61f4d4f87ceac429cd163273a8d96add114c0b7d531874","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.08309","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"A Stochastic Model of Active Cyber Defense Dynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI","math.DS"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Hualun Li, Shouhuai Xu, Wenlian Lu","submitted_at":"2016-03-28T05:11:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"The concept of active cyber defense has been proposed for years. However, there are no mathematical models for characterizing the effectiveness of active cyber defense. In this paper, we fill the void by proposing a novel Markov process model that is native to the interaction between cyber attack and active cyber defense. Unfortunately, the native Markov process model cannot be tackled by the techniques we are aware of. We therefore simplify, via mean-field approximation, the Markov process model as a Dynamic System model that is amenable to analysis. This allows us to derive a set of valuable"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.08309","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2016-03-28T05:11:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI","math.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"cb264980d6f4658953b6475106cf848b0068bd8f26bec7003095b46a80aa1787","abstract_canon_sha256":"85f618f54614bb0b6053eac35e2d41342804a20b8428c7f16cb7f2d6fba2b71c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.056435Z","signature_b64":"ZtAXP7tuMT64Ub/Dm2eFwMj5xKNXjAz887f1HfWGSIQPslRAdgQcsPwGGHOzyNDeorOxX8eRLb8Sv3OH8HzUBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8ac3326f8ae74f613f61f4d4f87ceac429cd163273a8d96add114c0b7d531874","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055876Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055876Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Stochastic Model of Active Cyber Defense Dynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI","math.DS"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Hualun Li, Shouhuai Xu, Wenlian Lu","submitted_at":"2016-03-28T05:11:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"The concept of active cyber defense has been proposed for years. However, there are no mathematical models for characterizing the effectiveness of active cyber defense. In this paper, we fill the void by proposing a novel Markov process model that is native to the interaction between cyber attack and active cyber defense. Unfortunately, the native Markov process model cannot be tackled by the techniques we are aware of. We therefore simplify, via mean-field approximation, the Markov process model as a Dynamic System model that is amenable to analysis. This allows us to derive a set of valuable"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.08309","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.08309","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055957+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.08309v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055957+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.08309","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055957+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RLBTE34K45HW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41.710351+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RLBTE34K45HWCP3B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41.710351+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RLBTE34K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41.710351+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RLBTE34K"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RLBTE34K","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1603.08309&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/RLBTE34K45HWCP3B6TKPQ7HKYQ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055957+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:18:11.055957+00:00"}