{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC","short_pith_number":"pith:RLO3LPZQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"106080810ac51949266bee0bcf4448686089264a0d72e9bb0b3cbea0bdc54be5","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5bfb103c3779d8a413de767435634f958ca68364155425cdf681cf1d2f159"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8addb5bf30c4c22a19d4e2e304c1a5a080944cc5ec6576e3f09df82ff37eb8d9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.09326","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.09326","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.09326v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.09326","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQYTBC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"106080810ac51949266bee0bcf4448686089264a0d72e9bb0b3cbea0bdc54be5","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5bfb103c3779d8a413de767435634f958ca68364155425cdf681cf1d2f159"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8addb5bf30c4c22a19d4e2e304c1a5a080944cc5ec6576e3f09df82ff37eb8d9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.968080Z","signature_b64":"8xWrbsrMqyBelsEHdDNveAEAvkiOiFaI9+DMxiAU5XagZ8E5eQyMRFqno7OCGm1MPthsqoaAH8Fa3RKOFqEvCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8addb5bf30c4c22a19d4e2e304c1a5a080944cc5ec6576e3f09df82ff37eb8d9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.967204Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.967204Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.09326","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HgN/kmHBHZfbex3DQtxhCjlZ6MTgnizI07yo6XBrKWdtavBB6KNTG/KNQGl3vH+jnwKNHYnAypXHBv3MzmDdDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:17:54.213191Z"},"content_sha256":"1b439f417b67b05a3c610234170f8912c8fe6680bc50c327d141cd6ca57c8260","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b439f417b67b05a3c610234170f8912c8fe6680bc50c327d141cd6ca57c8260"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Survey on Enhancing Causal Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Fang Chen, Kun Yu, Shoujin Wang, Xin Li, Zhuo Cai","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in language tasks and beyond. However, due to their limited inherent causal reasoning ability, LLMs still face challenges in handling tasks that require robust causal reasoning ability, such as health-care and economic analysis. As a result, a growing body of research has focused on enhancing the causal reasoning ability of LLMs. Despite the booming research, there lacks a survey to well review the challenges, progress and future directions in this area. To bridge this significant gap, we systematically review literature o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.09326/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pTzN4xvgzYC8EMCdifUF39k7m32KS+p4a5a+SSP28wpN4YhOrhOGVyOeB0DVH1Rc/TfLc6P1Fz1qMdwMhlgvDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:17:54.213778Z"},"content_sha256":"d5d547d67d94a78d4e68b1c1be53891444be99fcea80dacaf2f08925574225a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d5d547d67d94a78d4e68b1c1be53891444be99fcea80dacaf2f08925574225a7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T15:17:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU4LRQJQNFUC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5bfb103c3779d8a413de767435634f958ca68364155425cdf681cf1d2f159","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"106080810ac51949266bee0bcf4448686089264a0d72e9bb0b3cbea0bdc54be5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.09326","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.09326v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.09326","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQYTBC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQYTBCUGOU","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RLO3LPZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d5d547d67d94a78d4e68b1c1be53891444be99fcea80dacaf2f08925574225a7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.09326/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in language tasks and beyond. However, due to their limited inherent causal reasoning ability, LLMs still face challenges in handling tasks that require robust causal reasoning ability, such as health-care and economic analysis. As a result, a growing body of research has focused on enhancing the causal reasoning ability of LLMs. Despite the booming research, there lacks a survey to well review the challenges, progress and future directions in this area. To bridge this significant gap, we systematically review literature o","authors_text":"Fang Chen, Kun Yu, Shoujin Wang, Xin Li, Zhuo Cai","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","title":"A Survey on Enhancing Causal Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1b439f417b67b05a3c610234170f8912c8fe6680bc50c327d141cd6ca57c8260","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ca5bfb103c3779d8a413de767435634f958ca68364155425cdf681cf1d2f159","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T12:20:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"106080810ac51949266bee0bcf4448686089264a0d72e9bb0b3cbea0bdc54be5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.09326","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8addb5bf30c4c22a19d4e2e304c1a5a080944cc5ec6576e3f09df82ff37eb8d9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8addb5bf30c4c22a19d4e2e304c1a5a080944cc5ec6576e3f09df82ff37eb8d9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.967204Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.967204Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8xWrbsrMqyBelsEHdDNveAEAvkiOiFaI9+DMxiAU5XagZ8E5eQyMRFqno7OCGm1MPthsqoaAH8Fa3RKOFqEvCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:53.968080Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.09326","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1b439f417b67b05a3c610234170f8912c8fe6680bc50c327d141cd6ca57c8260","sha256:d5d547d67d94a78d4e68b1c1be53891444be99fcea80dacaf2f08925574225a7"],"state_sha256":"2c56bf358989ea450e026d93ed11e6701ca8a6325d2a004c95dc2b04f6be2827"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QTo9GHZSntBvCxehCew8N9aF344i3LOgHZ9k8nYaUjw9rotAimle/LeFRiB/Pq1jWokvvcfqkJrT1WH5fBQMAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:17:54.218455Z","bundle_sha256":"91b126ab4e9e01030468c19b4fecb2523406f94ec489c9226a54ed63bb0245e3"}}