{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC","short_pith_number":"pith:ROOI4P2E","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d456a5dfa7dc23f947819221f9904cf92ad0516985347d35037d036814ce6b3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"63630f505f660d7ff0ead17fdf05e2f4ec26b585cf539ef8540fde5363986784"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8b9c8e3f44a60e005aac6beafa506a809cf573d62b6e00c9be61b4b98c075107","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.17709","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.17709","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.17709v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.17709","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ROOI4P2EUYHA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ROOI4P2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d456a5dfa7dc23f947819221f9904cf92ad0516985347d35037d036814ce6b3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"63630f505f660d7ff0ead17fdf05e2f4ec26b585cf539ef8540fde5363986784"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8b9c8e3f44a60e005aac6beafa506a809cf573d62b6e00c9be61b4b98c075107","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.031386Z","signature_b64":"3IY7D72CBITZU5qntSAGQZcRMe13DqBQMlpQeS8SqJSqlApJIWBbC8/KT1bQ+/W6WsxPWJKy8+q0lIGPl8vsCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8b9c8e3f44a60e005aac6beafa506a809cf573d62b6e00c9be61b4b98c075107","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.030863Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.030863Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.17709","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FeooKHKAOousvPsK9LM8LhWMll/LZs2WqIVfSmbcYzOviXag+PMXTOE+7iYrum+wM9M6Hdb1y5QKzcOoghTRAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:43:02.138153Z"},"content_sha256":"38c41878133b863f13c3b9790a1bc1e033ebaa12d5f16fa0a9e28dcb1b12a664","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38c41878133b863f13c3b9790a1bc1e033ebaa12d5f16fa0a9e28dcb1b12a664"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisition","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bolin Shen, Ken Anderson, Menghan Lin, Molei Liu, Tianxi Cai, Yushun Dong, Zebin Wang","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable utility across diverse applications, and their growing complexity has made Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) a viable platform for scalable deployment. However, this accessibility also exposes GNN to serious security threats, most notably model extraction attacks (MEAs), in which adversaries strategically query a deployed model to construct a high-fidelity replica. In this work, we evaluate the vulnerability of GNNs to MEAs and explore their potential for cost-effective model acquisition in non-adversarial research settings. Importa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.17709/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ljp/VB0+WrLoneAiTiOOg6/5eP75bw00UV/1x99nZeHn0ZuyMCBcW0UTPriJxwBltgK9Earj75xSDDcsIadwCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:43:02.138690Z"},"content_sha256":"fad4245894e0d3ece6231e63c0029a962523e4aa4c92fc5945b234148fff74be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fad4245894e0d3ece6231e63c0029a962523e4aa4c92fc5945b234148fff74be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T16:43:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVMNPVPUUDKQC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63630f505f660d7ff0ead17fdf05e2f4ec26b585cf539ef8540fde5363986784","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"d456a5dfa7dc23f947819221f9904cf92ad0516985347d35037d036814ce6b3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.17709","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.17709v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.17709","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ROOI4P2EUYHA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ROOI4P2EUYHAAWVM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ROOI4P2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fad4245894e0d3ece6231e63c0029a962523e4aa4c92fc5945b234148fff74be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.17709/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable utility across diverse applications, and their growing complexity has made Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) a viable platform for scalable deployment. However, this accessibility also exposes GNN to serious security threats, most notably model extraction attacks (MEAs), in which adversaries strategically query a deployed model to construct a high-fidelity replica. In this work, we evaluate the vulnerability of GNNs to MEAs and explore their potential for cost-effective model acquisition in non-adversarial research settings. Importa","authors_text":"Bolin Shen, Ken Anderson, Menghan Lin, Molei Liu, Tianxi Cai, Yushun Dong, Zebin Wang","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","title":"CEGA: A Cost-Effective Approach for Graph-Based Model Extraction and Acquisition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:38c41878133b863f13c3b9790a1bc1e033ebaa12d5f16fa0a9e28dcb1b12a664","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63630f505f660d7ff0ead17fdf05e2f4ec26b585cf539ef8540fde5363986784","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-21T13:11:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"d456a5dfa7dc23f947819221f9904cf92ad0516985347d35037d036814ce6b3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.17709","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8b9c8e3f44a60e005aac6beafa506a809cf573d62b6e00c9be61b4b98c075107","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8b9c8e3f44a60e005aac6beafa506a809cf573d62b6e00c9be61b4b98c075107","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.030863Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.030863Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3IY7D72CBITZU5qntSAGQZcRMe13DqBQMlpQeS8SqJSqlApJIWBbC8/KT1bQ+/W6WsxPWJKy8+q0lIGPl8vsCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:33:25.031386Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.17709","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:38c41878133b863f13c3b9790a1bc1e033ebaa12d5f16fa0a9e28dcb1b12a664","sha256:fad4245894e0d3ece6231e63c0029a962523e4aa4c92fc5945b234148fff74be"],"state_sha256":"8f57d5c1170c90366f97762800f0e2115e0ba69638a7798d860f04b967075c91"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uftOKt6pr7C90bJb92e/e2EvxgHSD5Lb0WLML+jF5OFBFc1TmlPYjrOqGKGmExuUDo7io5kb8S/UmDPep1dbDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:43:02.144351Z","bundle_sha256":"10a644321e2b22713b15b9d968e281ea88f924a5bc0a48b8901f295edeaea247"}}