{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:RP3D6C44DJVKYRJMWBGCSED37N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"01094644dc222533073511392bbf2cdeaa48773317d30ec8af980eeb39b14b2b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-03-25T19:30:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"efb4acfe1a2905ad1697f637a0a55282136466050bd4aa30f55af7f2874750e6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.10561","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.10561","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.10561v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.10561","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RP3D6C44DJVK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RP3D6C44DJVKYRJM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RP3D6C44","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6c6cb9eefaba89b39d3488daaadbb784eda3adb5e375284f54786f730d2e991a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Word Embedding Association Test shows that GloVe and word2vec word embeddings exhibit human-like implicit biases based on gender, race, and other social constructs (Caliskan et al., 2017). Meanwhile, research on learning reusable text representations has begun to explore sentence-level texts, with some sentence encoders seeing enthusiastic adoption. Accordingly, we extend the Word Embedding Association Test to measure bias in sentence encoders. We then test several sentence encoders, including state-of-the-art methods such as ELMo and BERT, for the social biases studied in prior work and t","authors_text":"Alex Wang, Chandler May, Rachel Rudinger, Samuel R. Bowman, Shikha Bordia","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-03-25T19:30:21Z","title":"On Measuring Social Biases in Sentence Encoders"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.10561","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:097e8a5bd54691a415fffb4c8ab14076d93cdf1f818067f5a05867fa11f7498f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"01094644dc222533073511392bbf2cdeaa48773317d30ec8af980eeb39b14b2b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-03-25T19:30:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"efb4acfe1a2905ad1697f637a0a55282136466050bd4aa30f55af7f2874750e6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.10561","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8bf63f0b9c1a6aac452cb04c29107bfb7d323b45b2697c463d850d73cdd3ca11","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8bf63f0b9c1a6aac452cb04c29107bfb7d323b45b2697c463d850d73cdd3ca11","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18.465086Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18.465086Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"H1N8iz1/yPIMhNzMWZvkX/SpyIkYLWWy3UXBmyuGTn5CbMftJQQ24Oidc3ktr5Bk6l/Ko20NT0glNELvbTYoDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:18.465905Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.10561","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:097e8a5bd54691a415fffb4c8ab14076d93cdf1f818067f5a05867fa11f7498f","sha256:6c6cb9eefaba89b39d3488daaadbb784eda3adb5e375284f54786f730d2e991a"],"state_sha256":"1464d34542b7fcb97c4b34a9d9d3225c834273dfcdcfc1e6435370d8c110110b"}