{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3","short_pith_number":"pith:RS5TMZUU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"title_canon_sha256":"511e81f1cf9caf15c1dab1201815da043c5764f28eb836bbab94f71eecab55e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"b344124f095974bef0f91044f76af3a8b618002532ae8f61811661691f67c898"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cbb366694d697b783ad6e5cda71040edc01fa2d6cf6e488fc1d59061cdec8f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1707.03472","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1707.03472","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1707.03472v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1707.03472","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU22L3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU22L3PA5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"title_canon_sha256":"511e81f1cf9caf15c1dab1201815da043c5764f28eb836bbab94f71eecab55e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"b344124f095974bef0f91044f76af3a8b618002532ae8f61811661691f67c898"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8cbb366694d697b783ad6e5cda71040edc01fa2d6cf6e488fc1d59061cdec8f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909984Z","signature_b64":"f8F5P0gs2uqxsCkz5dud99FvpX5iRzOBLiCWY2O9s6+s4GyAjcrM1BdPAmIltYaJyyw2GOJ1isG1CPpQv1R2BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8cbb366694d697b783ad6e5cda71040edc01fa2d6cf6e488fc1d59061cdec8f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909356Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909356Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1707.03472","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iMxRjrqAisFvNODUp+ujo8MnnD/tfoayw5j493XW/zYSOIXvHxUjoY9/K26jhw4Qfog4REuy3I4L7OJKwQTeAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T07:49:34.837102Z"},"content_sha256":"989ad73d001a74ad665162834af804799b3a43cf0deaf08c994d7c67adfbe18f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:989ad73d001a74ad665162834af804799b3a43cf0deaf08c994d7c67adfbe18f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Life in the coffee-ring: how evaporation-driven density gradients dictate the outcome of inter-bacterial competition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Arben Kalziqi, Brian K. Hammer, David Yanni, Jacob Thomas, Peter J. Yunker, Siu Lung Ng, Skanda Vivek, William C. Ratcliff","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"When a drop dries, it often leaves a ring-shaped stain through a ubiquitous phenomenon known as the coffee-ring effect. This also occurs when the liquid contains suspended microbes; evaporation leaves cells at higher concentrations in the ring than the drop interior. Using biofilm experiments and cellular automata simulations, we show that the physical structure created by the coffee-ring effect can dramatically alter the outcome of inter-bacterial competition. We experimentally study this effect using two strains of $\\textit{Vibrio cholerae}$ that compete using a contact-dependent killing mec"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NU73M7F6UWRdIjBxN+k8t8zzcu3LACCfxuVWUCuIo0mdfENdcF62M2QlmKzqE8Pn7pIN0wyLhrTbUx62t913CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T07:49:34.837479Z"},"content_sha256":"84b42f4bcd625e04577016736c6dedc9f72bacd5111739e8cf9e8d0dd95a47a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:84b42f4bcd625e04577016736c6dedc9f72bacd5111739e8cf9e8d0dd95a47a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T07:49:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RS5TMZUU22L3PA5NNZONU4IEB3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b344124f095974bef0f91044f76af3a8b618002532ae8f61811661691f67c898","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"511e81f1cf9caf15c1dab1201815da043c5764f28eb836bbab94f71eecab55e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1707.03472","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1707.03472v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1707.03472","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU22L3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU22L3PA5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RS5TMZUU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:84b42f4bcd625e04577016736c6dedc9f72bacd5111739e8cf9e8d0dd95a47a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When a drop dries, it often leaves a ring-shaped stain through a ubiquitous phenomenon known as the coffee-ring effect. This also occurs when the liquid contains suspended microbes; evaporation leaves cells at higher concentrations in the ring than the drop interior. Using biofilm experiments and cellular automata simulations, we show that the physical structure created by the coffee-ring effect can dramatically alter the outcome of inter-bacterial competition. We experimentally study this effect using two strains of $\\textit{Vibrio cholerae}$ that compete using a contact-dependent killing mec","authors_text":"Arben Kalziqi, Brian K. Hammer, David Yanni, Jacob Thomas, Peter J. Yunker, Siu Lung Ng, Skanda Vivek, William C. Ratcliff","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","title":"Life in the coffee-ring: how evaporation-driven density gradients dictate the outcome of inter-bacterial competition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:989ad73d001a74ad665162834af804799b3a43cf0deaf08c994d7c67adfbe18f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b344124f095974bef0f91044f76af3a8b618002532ae8f61811661691f67c898","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph","q-bio.CB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-07-11T21:50:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"511e81f1cf9caf15c1dab1201815da043c5764f28eb836bbab94f71eecab55e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1707.03472","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8cbb366694d697b783ad6e5cda71040edc01fa2d6cf6e488fc1d59061cdec8f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8cbb366694d697b783ad6e5cda71040edc01fa2d6cf6e488fc1d59061cdec8f4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909356Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909356Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"f8F5P0gs2uqxsCkz5dud99FvpX5iRzOBLiCWY2O9s6+s4GyAjcrM1BdPAmIltYaJyyw2GOJ1isG1CPpQv1R2BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:40:25.909984Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1707.03472","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:989ad73d001a74ad665162834af804799b3a43cf0deaf08c994d7c67adfbe18f","sha256:84b42f4bcd625e04577016736c6dedc9f72bacd5111739e8cf9e8d0dd95a47a1"],"state_sha256":"59d0c535499dc79db919501d77539d303be7fa1ef8fd722e2a2f26950d6a4b1f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3oFRzMtxY9KRXgDqbQRdLGqIZWh9tbIBRVKf+cEAqPOfJe9RGsUSAV5dwM417s2O03+Osn1Tqh1S1gPOJtAMCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T07:49:34.839481Z","bundle_sha256":"24689744e0d8073a414ee6ed1c36f228b34936b72866cb57f2e3c631bb1b75ff"}}